Lysimeters in Vadose Zone Research

Pütz, Thomas; Fank, Johann; Flury, Markus

doi:10.2136/vzj2018.02.0035

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…More recently, ecosystem models were built by combining different models, each highly specialized in a specific compartment of the ecosystem. The result leads to fully integrated models such as ARMOSA (Perego et al, 2013), which is the combination SWAP (Van Dam, 2000) for the hydrological model, STAMINA (Ferrara et al, 2010;Richter et al, 2010) for simulating the crop dynamics, and SOILN (Bergström et al, 1991) to represent the soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. The model SIM-STO (Pütz et al, 2018) was also created from the merging of SIMWASER (Stenitzer, 1988) and STOTRASIM (Feichtinger, 1998), which are focused on water fluxes and nitrogen dynamics, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result leads to fully integrated models such as ARMOSA (Perego et al, 2013), which is the combination SWAP (Van Dam, 2000) for the hydrological model, STAMINA (Ferrara et al, 2010;Richter et al, 2010) for simulating the crop dynamics, and SOILN (Bergström et al, 1991) to represent the soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. The model SIM-STO (Pütz et al, 2018) was also created from the merging of SIMWASER (Stenitzer, 1988) and STOTRASIM (Feichtinger, 1998), which are focused on water fluxes and nitrogen dynamics, respectively. RT-Flux-PIHM (Bao et al, 2017) combines a reactive transport (RT) model, a land-surface model (Noah LSM; Chen and Dudhia, 2001;Shi et al, 2013), and the hydrological model PIHM (Shi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of fertilization on grassland productivity and water quality across the European Alps under current and warming climate: insights from a mechanistic model

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Alpine grasslands sustain local economy by providing fodder for livestock. Intensive fertilization is common to enhance their yields, thus creating negative externalities on water quality that are difficult to evaluate without reliable estimates of nutrient fluxes. We apply a mechanistic ecosystem model, seamlessly integrating land-surface energy balance, soil hydrology, vegetation dynamics, and soil biogeochemistry, aiming at assessing the grassland response to fertilization. We simulate the major water, carbon, nutrient, and energy fluxes of nine grassland plots across the broad European Alpine region. We provide an interdisciplinary model evaluation by confirming its performance against observed variables from different datasets. Subsequently, we apply the model to test the influence of fertilization practices on grassland yields and nitrate (NO3-) losses through leaching under both current and modified climate scenarios. Despite the generally low NO3- concentration in groundwater recharge, the variability across sites is remarkable, which is mostly (but not exclusively) dictated by elevation. In high-Alpine sites, short growing seasons lead to less efficient nitrogen (N) uptake for biomass production. This combined with lower evapotranspiration rates results in higher amounts of drainage and NO3- leaching to groundwater. Scenarios with increased temperature lead to a longer growing season characterized by higher biomass production and, consequently, to a reduction of water leakage and N leaching. While the intersite variability is maintained, climate change impacts are stronger on sites at higher elevations. The local soil hydrology has a crucial role in driving the NO3- use efficiency. The commonly applied fixed threshold limit on fertilizer N input is suboptimal. We suggest that major hydrological and soil property differences across sites should be considered in the delineation of best practices or regulations for management. Using distributed maps informed with key soil and climatic attributes or systematically implementing integrated ecosystem models as shown here can contribute to achieving more sustainable practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of fertilization on grassland productivity and water quality across the European Alps under current and warming climate: insights from a mechanistic model

et al. 2021

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“…In vadose zone research, weighable lysimeters are an established method to investigate E and to calibrate and test models (Dijkema et al., 2018; Mutziger, Burt, Howes, & Allen, 2005; Pütz, Fank, & Flury, 2018). By measuring soil water storage changes and seepage water losses with high temporal resolution and precision with weighable lysimeters, diurnal dynamics of E fluxes can be directly calculated giving a closer look into the processes controlling E (Hoffmann, Schwartengräber, Wessolek, & Peters, 2016; Peters et al., 2017; Pütz et al., 2018). Lysimeters are used to observe and compare soil E fluxes under natural conditions for soils with different hydraulic properties, different tillage, or under different climate conditions (Dijkema et al., 2018; Marek et al., 2016; Quinn, Parker, & Rushton, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of soil evaporation measured with weighable lysimeters using the FAO Penman–Monteith method in combination with Richards’ equation

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Pütz

et al. 2021

Vadose Zone Journal

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Multiannual data (2016-2018) from 12 weighed lysimeters (four soil types with textures ranging from sandy loam to silt loam, three replicates) of the TERENO SOIL-Can network were used to evaluate if evaporation (E) rates could be predicted from weather data using the FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) method combined with soil water flow simulations using the Richards equation. Soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) were estimated either from soil texture using the ROSETTA pedotransfer functions, from in situ measured water retention curves, or from soil surface water contents using inverse modeling. In all years, E was water limited and the measured evaporation rates (E m) surprisingly did not vary significantly among the four different soil types. When SHPs derived from pedotransfer functions were used, simulated evaporation rates of the finer textured soils overestimated the measured ones considerably. Better agreement was obtained when simulations were based on in situ measured or inversely estimated SHPs. The SHPs estimated from pedotransfer functions represented unrealistically large characteristic lengths of evaporation (L c), and L c was found to be a useful characteristic to constrain estimates of SHPs. Also, when soil evaporation was water limited and E m rates were below E pot (PM evaporation scaled by an empirical coefficient), the diurnal dynamics of E m followed those of E pot. The Richards equation that considers only isothermal liquid water flow did not reproduce these dynamics caused by temperature dependent vapor transport in the soil.

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“…The lysimeter is installed on the scale to monitor the weight to calculate the total moisture content in the soil. For example, in Germany, there is a national lysimeter network for observing soil evapotranspiration called Tereno (Pütz et al 2018). The observatory sites are located in different climatic conditions, characterized by different precipitation, elevation, and temperature (http://teodoor.icg.kfajuelich.de/ ibg3searchportal2/index.jsp).…”

Section: Evaporation and Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%