Lysine and arginine requirements of juvenile Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer)

Abstract

Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the dietary requirements of juvenile Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer Bloch for lysine and arginine. Fish (average initial weight: lysine experiment, 13.12 ± 0.12 g; arginine experiment, 2.56 ± 0.13 g) were given amino acid test diets for 12 weeks containing fish meal, zein, squid meal, and crystalline amino acids. Each set of isonitrogenous and isocaloric test diets contained graded levels of L‐lysine or L‐arginine. The feeding rate in the lysine experiment was at 4–2.5% of the body weight day−1, while in the arginine experiment it was at 10–4% of the body weight day−1. The fish (20 per tank, lysine experiment; 15 per tank, arginine experiment) were reared in 500‐L fibreglass tanks with continuous flowthrough sea water at 27 °C and salinity of 31 ppt in the lysine experiment and at 29 °C and salinity of 29 ppt in the arginine experiment. The experiments were in a completely randomized design with two replicates per treatment. Survival was high in fish given adequate lysine or arginine. Mean percentage weight gains were significantly different in fish fed varying levels of lysine or arginine. Fish fed high levels of L‐arginine suffered high mortalities. No significant differences were obtained in the feed efficiency ratios (FER, g gain g−1 feed) of fish fed graded lysine, although the values tended to increase as the dietary lysine level was increased up to the requirement level. In contrast, in the arginine experiment, significant differences in FER of fish among treatments were obtained; the highest FER was observed in fish fed the diet containing an optimum arginine level. On the basis of the growth response, survival, and FER, the lysine and arginine requirements of juvenile Asian sea bass were estimated to be 20.6 g kg−1 dry diet (4.5% protein) and 18.2 g kg−1 dry diet (3.8% protein), respectively. These data will be useful in the further refinement of practical diet formulations for the Asian sea bass.

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus

“…WG, SGR and FE did significantly increase with the increase of the dietary lysine levels from 1.58% to 2.41%, while they significantly decreased when dietary lysine levels exceeded the lysine requirement. These results were consistent with some previous reports (Murillo-Gurrea et al, 2001;Tantikitti and Chimsung, 2001;Encarnação et al, 2004;Ahmed and Khan, 2004;Mai et al, 2006;Zhou et al, 2007;Peres and Oliva-Teles, 2008). Similarly, excessive dietary lysine was reported to depress growth performance and feed utilization (NRC, 2011).…”

DIETARY LYSINE REQUIREMENT OF JUVENILE EURASIAN PERCH (Perca fluviatalis)

“…Thus, due to large variation between replicates and few replicates we were unable to get an acceptable fit of our data to the broken line model or the saturation kinetic model for WG and PG as a function of lysine level. However, the lowest lysine level (18.3 g kg -1 DM) resulting in improved protein gain in our study was slightly lower compared with values reported for other species; 20.0 and 22.0 g kg -1 DM in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Anderson et al, 1993;Espe et al, 2007); 21.0 g kg -1 DM in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer, Murillo-Gurrea et al, 2001); 20.0 g kg -1 DM in milkfish (Chanos chanos, Borlongan and Benitez, 1990) and 23.2 g kg -1 DM in silver perch Journal abbreviation: J FisheriesSciences.com (Bidyanus bidyanus, Yang et al, 2011). However, the value found in the present study is higher than the dietary lysine requirement reported for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis); 14.0 g kg -1 DM (Griffin et al, 1992) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); 14.3 g kg -1 diet (Santiago and Lovell, 1988).…”

Tryptophan requirement of juvenile Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer

“…At the requirement level for tryptophan, FER was high (>90%) and remained high in fish fed higher levels of tryptophan. FER correlated well with growth of juvenile fish as in the experiments on the sulphur amino acid (Coloso et al., 1999) and arginine requirements (Murillo‐Gurrea et al., 2001) of this species, but not with the lysine requirement (Murillo‐Gurrea et al., 2001). Break‐point analysis of the plot of dietary tryptophan level and FER (data not shown) showed a similar break point with that of dietary tryptophan level and percentage mean weight gain.…”

“…The requirements of some essential amino acids have also been defined. The total sulphur amino acid (methionine plus cystine) requirement of juvenile sea bass is 13.4 g kg −1 dry diet (2.9% of protein) (Coloso et al., 1999) and the lysine and arginine requirements are 20.6 g kg −1 dry diet (4.5% of protein) and 18.2 g kg −1 dry diet (3.8% of protein), respectively (Murillo‐Gurrea et al., 2001). Requirements of the other essential amino acids need to be defined to refine the existing feed formulations for this species.…”