Lysine restriction during grower phase on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits and pork quality in grower finisher pigs

Abstract

The effects of lysine restriction during grower phase and realimentation during finisher phase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, carcass traits and pork quality were studied. Sixty-four pigs (two castrated males and two females per pen) weighing 34.3495.22 kg were assigned to four dietary treatments. During grower (35Á55 kg), pigs were fed isoenergetic lysine-restricted diets. The different lysine content of diets were 0.950 (NRC recommendation), 0.760, 0.665 and 0.570%, corresponding to lysine restriction of 20, 30 and 40%. Then all pigs were fed with common finisher 1 (55Á85 kg) and 2 (85Á115 kg) diets. Lysine restriction during the grower phase resulted in poor performance and lower concentration of blood metabolites but improved the nutrient digestibility and efficiency of lysine utilization. Compensatory growth response in terms of improved weight gain and feed efficiency was observed in pigs previously fed lysine-restricted diets during finisher 1, but the concentration of blood urea nitrogen and total protein were lower. No differences in growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites were noted during finisher 2. Lysine restriction of grower diets decreased the dressing percentage (quadratic, P 00.024), and protein content of longissimus muscle (linear P 00.034, and quadratic P 00.009). Thus, it could be concluded that pigs subjected to lysine restriction during grower phase exhibited compensatory growth responses in weight gain and improved efficiency of feed and lysine utilization for weight gain and lean accretion during finisher phase.

Effects of dietary lysine levels on the concentrations of selected nutrient metabolites in blood plasma of late‐stage finishing pigs

“…However, contrasting results were obtained in some previous research. Decreased dietary lysine concentration caused decreased plasma concentration of total protein, and the plasma total protein concentration increased along with increasing dietary lysine levels (Cahilly et al., ; Kamalakar et al., ; Whisenhunt & Carter, ; Yang et al., ; Zeng et al., ). The age differences between the pigs used in this study and those used previously by other researchers may explain the discrepancy in this regard.…”

“…In the experiments with growing and finishing pigs (Fuller, Reeds, Cadenhead, Seve, & Preston, ; Roy, Lapierre, & Bernier, ; Shelton et al., ), crystalline lysine supplementation increased nitrogen retention and protein accretion and improved animal growth performance. It has been shown that dietary lysine affects plasma concentrations of nutrient metabolites including total protein, albumin (Kamalakar et al., ; Yang et al., ), urea nitrogen (UN) (Fernández‐Fígares, Lachica, Nieto, Rivera‐Ferre, & Aguilera, ; Zeng et al., ), glucose (Zhang et al., ), triglycerides, and cholesterol (Bouyeh & Gevorgyan, ; Skiba, ). However, results from these previous studies were rather inconsistent, and in many cases the dietary concentrations of other AAs were adjusted to constant ratios to lysine based on the ideal protein concept (Baker, Hahn, Chung, & Hahn, ; NRC, ).…”

“…In the experiments with growing and finishing pigs (Fuller, Reeds, Cadenhead, Seve, & Preston, 1987;Roy, Lapierre, & Bernier, 2000;Shelton et al, 2011), crystalline lysine supplementation increased nitrogen retention and protein accretion and improved animal growth performance. It has been shown that dietary lysine affects plasma concentrations of nutrient metabolites including total protein, albumin (Kamalakar et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2008), urea nitrogen (UN) (Fernández-Fígares, Lachica, Nieto, Rivera-Ferre, & Aguilera, 2007;Zeng et al, 2013), glucose (Zhang et al, 2008), triglycerides, and cholesterol (Bouyeh & Gevorgyan, 2011;Skiba, 2005).…”

Evaluation of a method estimating real-time individual lysine requirements in two lines of growing–finishing pigs

“…In some studies, Lys restriction did not have any impact on intake (e.g. Kamalakar et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2012), whereas other researchers found that dietary Lys restriction resulted in decreased feed intake (RodriguezSanchez et al, 2011) or in increased feed intake (Yang et al, 2008). Such differences could be caused in part by the method used to formulate Lys-restricted feeds, with some approaches based on varying proportions of main feed ingredients resulting in a decrease in CP, whereas others supply feed with synthetic AA and removing one AA to create Cloutier, Pomar, Létourneau Montminy, Bernier and Pomar a restriction without affecting the CP level.…”

Mechanism of Compensatory Growth with Changing Levels of Dietary Lysine from Deficient to Sufficient in Pigs

“…Indeed, there is some evidence that dietary lysine sufficiency may induce compensatory growth in protein-restricted-refed pigs because lysine is the first major limiting essential amino acid in the most pig diets. However, in these studies, lysine was simply used an indicator of protein restriction, which means that sufficiency in multiple amino acids, not just lysine, may have been involved in compensatory growth (Fabian et al 2002, Yang et al 2008b). This study design were not appropriate for elucidating the mechanism of compensatory growth.…”