Lysophospholipase activity of orientotoxin from the venom of the hornetVespa orientalis

Tuichibaev, M. U.; Tashmukhamedov, B. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00580057

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In our phospholipase assays, the activity of V. affnis venom was found to be significantly higher than that of the clinically important "big four" Indian snakes, being nearly twice as potent as N. naja, B. caeruleus and D. russelii venoms, and over 21 times as potent as the E. carinatus venom (p < .05; Figure 3B). The significant haemolytic potential of Vespa venoms has also been attributed to phospholipases (Tuĭchibaev et al, 1988). Consistently, a very high haemolytic activity was observed in the venom of V. affinis from southern India.…”

Section: The Venom Compositions and Activities Of Clinically Importan...mentioning

confidence: 59%

Stings on wings: Proteotranscriptomic and biochemical profiling of the lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis) venom

Sunagar

Khochare

Jaglan

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Distinct animal lineages have convergently recruited venoms as weaponry for prey capture, anti-predator defence, conspecific competition, or a combination thereof. Most studies, however, have been primarily confined to a narrow taxonomic breadth. The venoms of cone snails, snakes, spiders and scorpions remain particularly well-investigated. Much less explored are the venoms of wasps (Order: Hymenoptera) that are infamous for causing excruciating and throbbing pain, justifying their apex position on Schmidt’s pain index, including some that are rated four on four. For example, the lesser banded wasp (V. affinis) is clinically important yet has only been the subject of a few studies, despite being commonly found across tropical and subtropical Asia. Stings from these wasps, especially from multiple individuals of a nest, often lead to clinically severe manifestations, including mastocytosis, myasthenia gravis, optic neuropathy, and life-threatening pathologies such as myocardial infarction and organ failure. However, their venom composition and activity remain unexplored in the Indian subcontinent. Here, we report the proteomic composition, transcriptomic profile, and biochemical and pharmacological activities of V. affinis venom from southern India. Our findings suggest that wasp venoms are rich in diverse toxins that facilitate antipredator defence. Biochemical and pharmacological assessments reveal that these toxins can exhibit significantly higher activities than their homologues in medically important snakes. Their ability to exert potent effects on diverse molecular targets makes them a treasure trove for discovering life-saving therapeutics. Fascinatingly, wasp venoms, being evolutionarily ancient, exhibit a greater degree of compositional and sequence conservation across very distant populations/species, which contrasts with the patterns of venom evolution observed in evolutionarily younger lineages, such as advanced snakes and cone snails.

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Section: The Venom Compositions and Activities Of Clinically Importan...mentioning

confidence: 59%

Stings on wings: Proteotranscriptomic and biochemical profiling of the lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis) venom

Sunagar

Khochare

Jaglan

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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“…Vespid venoms appear to act directly on the central nervous system (CNS) 1,18 , an observation that is supported by in vivo studies on cats and mice 31,32 . Orientotoxin, from venom of the Oriental hornet ( V. orientalis ), is demonstrated by in vitro studies to block presynaptic neurotransmitter release 34 and one case reports bilateral optic neuritis 18 . Self‐limiting cardiac arrhythmias 19 and features of Reye's syndrome 20 have been reported in association with multiple vespid stings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The vespid venoms contain biogenic amines of low molecular weight and proteins and polypeptides of medium and high molecular weight. The Oriental hornet ( V. orientalis ) (Figure 1), has been the most extensively studied 31–36 . The amines include acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin and catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amines include acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin and catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine). The proteins and polypeptides are primarily kinins and enzymes, including phospholipase A and B, proteases, hyaluronidase and a mast‐cell degranulating peptide, mastoporan 17–34 . Specific toxins (the haemolytic, neurotoxic Orientotoxin 1 ) and a glucagon‐like factor 1 have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massive European wasp envenomation of a child

Levick

Braitberg

1996

Emergency Medicine

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Envenomation is a unique area of emergency medicine which interfaces acute emergency care with zoological research and public education. A considerable amount is known about envenomation by the snakes and spiders of Australia, which are among the most venomous in the world. There is little known, however, about massive envenomation by the European wasp (species Vespula germanica, family Vespidae), a recently introduced, aggressive and venomous vespid wasp. Allergy to bee, wasp and ant venom (order Hymenoptera) is well reported in the literature but there has been no documentation of systemic allergic reactions following massive vespid envenomation. Massive envenomation by vespid wasps in Australia has not been reported, although there are international reports of serious morbidity and a number of fatalities. This paper reports a massive European wasp envenomation in Melbourne and reviews the international literature. In this case, in contrast to the literature on massive vespid wasp envenomation, there is predominance of central nervous system toxicity with no major metabolic disturbance. The management of massive vespid envenomation includes standard supportive care and close laboratory monitoring for early evidence of haemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and metabolic derangement, which may significantly precede any clinical deterioration. Serious complications may be delayed and it is advised to follow up patients for 72 hours. There is potential for further research into vespid wasp venom and a need for increased public awareness of preventative strategies in Australia.

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“…However, it is well known that the venom from the Hymenoptera insects is a potent neurotoxin and that the main destructive component is the specific secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2) [ 2 ]. Bee venom PLA2 enzyme acts synergistically with the polyvalent cations (toxins) in the venom [ 3 ], creating an increased hemolytic effect and quick access of toxins into the blood flow, targeting important organs such as the brain, kidney and liver [ 4 ]. This enzyme simply degrades the cellular phospholipidic membranes and in high amounts, as in envenomation, causes decreased blood pressure and thereafter inhibits blood coagulation [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly Imprinted Ligand-Free Nanogels for Recognizing Bee Venom-Originated Phospholipase A2 Enzyme

Zaharia

Gavrilă

Caraş³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In this study, ligand-free nanogels (LFNGs) as potential antivenom mimics were developed with the aim of preventing hypersensitivity and other side effects following massive bee attacks. For this purpose, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate was chosen as a main synthetic biocompatible matrix to prepare the experimental LFNGs. The overall concept uses inverse mini-emulsion polymerization as the main route to deliver nanogel caps with complementary cavities for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from bee venom, created artificially with the use of molecular imprinting (MI) technologies. The morphology and the hydrodynamic features of the nanogels were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The following rebinding experiments evidenced the specificity of molecularly imprinted LFNG for PLA2, with rebinding capacities up to 8-fold higher compared to the reference non-imprinted nanogel, while the in vitro binding assays of PLA2 from commercial bee venom indicated that such synthetic nanogels are able to recognize and retain the targeted PLA2 enzyme. The results were finally collaborated with in vitro cell-viability experiments and resulted in a strong belief that such LFNG may actually be used for future therapies against bee envenomation.

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Lysophospholipase activity of orientotoxin from the venom of the hornetVespa orientalis

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Stings on wings: Proteotranscriptomic and biochemical profiling of the lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis) venom

Stings on wings: Proteotranscriptomic and biochemical profiling of the lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis) venom

Massive European wasp envenomation of a child

Molecularly Imprinted Ligand-Free Nanogels for Recognizing Bee Venom-Originated Phospholipase A2 Enzyme

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