“…Object detection plays a crucial role in image interpretation and also is very important for a wide scope of applications, such as intelligent monitoring, urban planning, precision agriculture, and geographic information system (GIS) updating. Driven by this requirement, significant efforts have been made in the past few years to develop a variety of methods for object detection in optical remote sensing images (Aksoy, 2014;Bai et al, 2014;Cheng et al, 2013a;Cheng and Han, 2016;Cheng et al, 2013b;Cheng et al, 2014;Cheng et al, 2019;Cheng et al, 2016a;Das et al, 2011;Han et al, 2015;Han et al, 2014;Li et al, 2018;Long et al, 2017;Tang et al, 2017b;Yang et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2016).…”