Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for High Temperature (1000 °C) Sensing Based on a Few-Mode Fiber

Liu, Juan; Luo, Chaowei; Ye, Hua; Yi, Zhen; Liu, Bin; He, Xingdao; Wu, Qiang

doi:10.1007/s13320-020-0596-z

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For sensors without a temperature-sensitive material coating, the refractive index (RI) and length of the optical-fiber change when the external temperature changes due to the thermal-optic and thermal-expansion effects of the silicon-dioxide material. For example, high-temperature MZI based on a few-mode fiber with a sensitivity of 48.2 pm/°C was proposed by Liu et al [19]. A high-temperature sensor based on a hollow core fiber with a sensitivity of 33.4 pm/°C was reported by Liu et al [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Chen

Tian

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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A high-sensitivity and miniature open cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer (OCFPI) encapsulated with the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film based on high-order harmonic Vernier effect is designed and experimentally investigated. To the best of our knowledge, PDMS is applied for the first time to fill the open cavity of Fabry-Perot interferometer to obtain high-temperature sensitivity. The resonant dip (peak) wavelength of the designed temperature sensor monotonically moves toward the shortwave direction as the temperature increases from 40°C to 60°C due to the effects of expansion and thermo-optic property of PDMS. The proposed OCFPI encapsulated with PDMS film provides the following excellent performance advantages. (1) Compared with traditional all-fiber air-cavity OCFPIs with temperature sensitivity of approximately 10 pm/°C, the proposed OCFPI sensor has a much higher temperature sensitivity of −3.4 nm/°C at the temperature range of 40°C-60°C with a magnification factor (M-factor) of approximately 11 when order of harmonic Vernier effect i = 4. (2) The proposed OCFPI exhibits good reversibility during the heating and cooling processes, and the measured M-factor matches well with the theoretically calculated M-factor. (3) The proposed OCFPI shows excellent stability with maximum wavelength deviation of 0.567 nm (internal envelope based on a fourth-order harmonic Vernier effect) and 0.042 nm (upper envelope) within 450 min. (4) The proposed OCFPI is inexpensive, robust, easy to fabricate, and compact, which can be used in harsh environments. Therefore, it provides excellent potential in dynamic temperature measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Chen

Tian

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] In many cases, the reflection type of optical fiber sensors such as those based on FBG and FPI are preferred because of their convenient operation especially when the measurement has to be carried out in a very limited spatial area. [2][3][4][5][6][7] FBG is commonly fabricated by UV laser which produces the refractive index (RI) modulation along the optical fiber. However, such an FBG cannot sustain a temperature up to 700°C, as the grating structure would be erased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 There are many types of optical fiber sensors for high-temperature sensing, such as those based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs), Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), and so on. [2][3][4][5][6][7] In many cases, the reflection type of optical fiber sensors such as those based on FBG and FPI are preferred because of their convenient operation especially when the measurement has to be carried out in a very limited spatial area. [2][3][4][5][6][7] FBG is commonly fabricated by UV laser which produces the refractive index (RI) modulation along the optical fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracompact optical fiber high‐temperature sensor based on the angled fiber end face

Wang

Lan

2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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An ultracompact optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometric sensor is proposed and demonstrated for high‐temperature measurement. The device is simply a section of single‐mode fiber with angled end face of 45°, the reflected light from the angled fiber end face is directed sequentially to the fiber core–cladding and cladding–air interfaces, respectively, and reflected back, and finally returned to the fiber core after being reflected by the angled fiber end face again. As a result, a Fabry–Perot interferometer is constructed. Because of the thermal‐expansion and thermal‐optical effect of the fiber material, the optical path difference between the core–cladding and cladding–air surfaces is changed with temperature, hence the device is well suitable for temperature measurement. In particular, the fiber device has good high‐temperature sustainability up to 1100°C, which makes it attractive for high‐temperature measurement in a narrow or hard‐to‐reach spatial environment.

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“…NTERFEROMETRIC fiber sensors (IFSs) are widely used for measuring external environmental parameters, including gas refractive indices [1], temperature [2,3,4], strain [5,6], salinity [7], glucose [8], force [9] and respiration [10], because of their many advantages, such as low cost, simple fabrication, small size, anti-electromagnetic interference and high sensitivity/resolution. Generally, IFSs can simultaneously measure dual parameters [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

Ling

Tian

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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This study firstly proposes and experimentally demonstrates a phase demodulation method with high sensitivity for interferometric fiber sensors (IFSs) on the basis of the fast Fourier transform of a wavenumber domain. The phase information of IFSs triggered by changes in environmental parameters is obtained by calculating the initial phase variation of a specific Fourier-transformed spatial frequency. Theoretically, phase sensitivity can be improved by n times when the optical path difference (OPD) of a spatial frequency peak is increased by a multiple (n times) of the OPD of other spatial frequency domain peaks. To verify the method experimentally, this study designed a large laterally offset spliced sensor formed by common singlemode fibers on the basis of mode interference. The sensing characteristics of temperature and strain in each set of two-beam interference are analyzed simultaneously by calculating the phase sensitivities of the frequency domain peaks. Furthermore, the highest reported temperature and strain sensitivities of 0.0795 rad/°C and −0.0088 rad/με, respectively, with good repeatability are realized.

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Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for High Temperature (1000 °C) Sensing Based on a Few-Mode Fiber

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Ultracompact optical fiber high‐temperature sensor based on the angled fiber end face

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

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