Macro-invertebrate Biodiversity of a Coastal Prairie with Vernal Pool Habitat

Fiesler, Emile; Drake, Tracy

doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e6732

“…This term is used even when the fungi in question are demonstrably beneficial to the host plant, which belies a fundamental perception of fungi as being pathogenic or at least dubious (Kaishian and Djoulakian, 2020). Because fungi are also typically excluded from conservation efforts and biodiversity monitoring programs (Fiesler and Drake, 2016;Haelewaters et al, 2024), fungal parasites are doubly at risk of being overlooked. Laboulbeniales, for example, are obligatorily associated with various arthropods (Weir and Hammond, 1997;Haelewaters et al ., 2021), but the nature of their characterization has been debated.…”

Section: Parasitic and Pathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of parasites and pathogens through time

Kaishian,

Lubbers,

Fekih

et al. 2024

Preprint

0

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Scientists ought to apply universally accepted definitions to technical terms to enable precise communication and discussion. Throughout history, many definitions have shifted, such as those of important terms in evolutionary biology, modes of life, and the nature of interactions. Conversely, throughout history, important terms have been used without proper definition. Two such terms are parasites and pathogens. An extensive body of literature considers parasites and pathogens to be categorically negative, which has resulted in definitions that lack objectivity and limit a full understanding of the biology of these organisms. Different interpretations have resulted in shifting definitions, in turn causing confusion. Here, we present the remarkable history of both definitions, an overview of alternative definitions put forward throughout history, and a working definition for both terms. We find that the line between what is a parasite or a pathogen is often blurry, and is additionally complicated due to the multi-modal nature of interactions.

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“…This term is used even when the fungi in question are demonstrably beneficial to the host plant, which belies a fundamental perception of fungi as being pathogenic or at least dubious (Kaishian and Djoulakian, 2020). Because fungi are also typically excluded from conservation efforts and biodiversity monitoring programs (Fiesler and Drake, 2016), fungal parasites are doubly at risk of being overlooked. Laboulbeniales, for example, are obligatorily associated with various arthropods (Weir and Hammond, 1997;Haelewaters et al ., 2021), but the nature of their characterization has been debated.…”

Section: Reshaping Our Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of parasites and pathogens through time

Kaishian

¹

,

Lubbers

²

,

Groot

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scientists ought to apply universally accepted definitions to technical terms to enable precise communication and discussion. Throughout history, many definitions have shifted, such as those of important terms in evolutionary biology, modes of life, and the nature of interactions. Conversely, throughout history, important terms have been used without proper definition. Two such terms are parasites and pathogens. An extensive body of literature considers parasites and pathogens to be categorically negative, which has resulted in definitions that lack objectivity and limit a full understanding of the biology of these organisms. Different interpretations have resulted in shifting definitions, in turn causing confusion. Here, we present the remarkable history of both definitions, an overview of alternative definitions put forward throughout history, and a working definition for both terms. We find that the line between what is a parasite or a pathogen is often blurry, and is additionally complicated due to the multi-modal nature of interactions.

show abstract

“…However, there is indication of declines in fungal species richness in response to human disturbances, including but not limited to nutrient loading, mass tree die‐off due to introduced pathogens, acidification, and habitat loss (Arnolds, 1991; Treu et al, 2014). Biodiversity studies usually focus on vertebrate animals and vascular plants, whereas those focused on invertebrates and fungi are rare (Fiesler & Drake, 2016). Despite being ubiquitous and essential components of the biosphere, macroinvertebrates such as insects remain underserved with respect to their risk assessment and conservation status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%