Macroalgae maintain growth outside their observed distributions: Implications for biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning at landscape scales

Schrofner‐Brunner, Benedikt; Hagan, James G.; Cappelatti, Laura; Hassellöv, None Jesper; Wißmann, Merle; Gamfeldt, Lars

doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14103

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…First, the depth zones in this study vary mostly across one environmental dimension, namely, water emersion (although this also correlates with changes in light and temperature; Schrofner-Brunner et al, 2023). This may explain the relatively high rates of compensation I observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Second, in natural systems, asynchrony in species' population fluctuations, which suggests compensation among species, is observed frequently even though population synchrony seems to be more common overall (Gonzalez & Loreau, 2009;Houlahan et al, 2007;Lamy et al, 2019;Vasseur et al, 2014). Third, species are often absent from certain sites because of competition and not due to an innate inability to survive, grow and reproduce (Germain et al, 2018;Kraft et al, 2015;Schrofner-Brunner et al, 2023;Wisheu, 1998). In line with this last point, many competition models predict that species do not perform (i.e.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…An issue with this approach is that it does not rule out the counterfactual scenario that one or a few species could potentially maintain ecosystem functioning across sites. For example, if a dominant species goes extinct at one site but gets compensated by a different, less abundant species in the community or a species that colonises from another site, ecosystem functioning across sites may not be strongly affected (Diaz & Ernest, 2022;Fetzer et al, 2015;Leibold et al, 2017;Schrofner-Brunner et al, 2023). Many of the observational studies cited previously provide defensible arguments for why compensation may be unlikely (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Compensation alters estimates of the number of species required to maintain ecosystem functioning across an emersion gradient: A case study with intertidal macroalgae

Hagan

2023

Functional Ecology

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Whether more species are required to maintain ecosystem functioning as spatial scale increases or across environmental gradients has frequently been studied by examining whether different species drive ecosystem functioning in different sites. However, this approach does rule out the counterfactual scenario where a few species could potentially maintain ecosystem functioning across sites as this requires examining which species can (or cannot) compensate for the loss of others. Here, I used an observational study and a field‐based transplant experiment to examine the effects of species loss on biomass productivity in an intertidal marine macroalgal system. I calculated the number of species required to maintain biomass productivity across four depth zones reflecting a water emersion gradient using two commonly used observational approaches. Then, I combined hypothetical simulated extinction scenarios with field‐based transplant data of relative growth rates of all species across the four depth zones to explore how the number of species required to maintain biomass productivity across depth zones changed under counterfactual scenarios where species compensated for species loss. The observational analyses suggested that between three and four species were required to maintain productivity across the depth zones. The simulated extinction scenarios did not. Rather, decreases in biomass productivity due to the loss of some species (e.g. Fucus spiralis, Ascophyllum nodosum) were easily compensated by other species (e.g. Fucus vesiculosus). However, for some species like F. vesiculosus, the extinction simulations suggested that compensation would be unlikely. Commonly used observational approaches may overestimate the number of species required to maintain ecosystem functioning across environmental gradients and spatial scales. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%