Macroanatomical characteristics of plexus brachialis and its branches in martens (Martes foina)

Demiraslan, Yasin; Aykut, Mevlüt; Özgel, Özcan

doi:10.3906/vet-1506-48

Cited by 9 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The axillary nerve originates necessarily from C7, although the contribution of C6 occurs in half of the branchial plexuses. This origin agrees with what was described for domestic felines (38) and L. pardalis (31) , as well as for domestic dog (30) , A. microtis (33) and M. foina (36) . The nerve presents two portions, which transit between the caudoventral border of the subscapularis and teres major muscles, one of them sending branches to the last muscle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The nerve follows its tract surrounding medially the neck of the scapula, crossing to the lateral surface of the limb, where it innervates the infraspinous muscle. This innervation area is similar to the domestic dog (6,8,30) , domestic feline (38) , A. microtis (33) , C. thous (34) , M. foina (36) and L. gymnocercus (35) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Also, it was the branch that most originated the nerves of C. thous (61.5%) (34) and L. gymnocercus (62.7%) (35) . Even though a small number of studies determined the participation percentage of each ventral branch, the findings in L. geoffroyi seems to repeat the anatomic patterns for domestic felids (38) , L. pardalis (31) , domestic dog (30) , M. foina (36) and N. nasua (37) . It can be suggested that the central position of C7 among segments that originate the brachial plexus of these species would facilitate the fibres' distribution to a larger number of nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The suprascapularis nerve of L. geoffroyi is formed invariably by C6, half of the suprascapularis nerve had contribution of C5. C6 participation in the forming of this nerve occurs in all species of the Carnivora order already described, although C7 frequently contributes instead of C5 for canids (30,31,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)42) . Fioretto et al (20) have suggested that swimming species would have a suprascapularis nerve with broad plurisegmental origin (with three or even more branches).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Allam et al (30) determined in their study that only 20.69% of the plexuses of domestic canines were formed between the C5 and T1 branches, illustrating the participation of C5 in forming the brachiocephalicus nerve, as observed for L. geoffroyi. For wild canines (specialised cursorial) such as Atelocynus microtis (33) , Cerdocyon thous (34) and Lycalopex gymnocercus (35) and mustelids such as Martes foina (36) , the brachial plexus was restricted to four segments, being those between the C6 and T1 segments. For the procyonid Nasua nasua that uses the limbs for different functions, the plexus was also formed between the segments C5 and T1 (37) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN THE Leopardus geoffroyi

et al. 2018

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Six thoracic limbs from four Leopardus geoffroyi specimens were dissected in order to describe origin and distribution of nerves forming the brachial plexuses. The brachial plexus is a result of connections between ventral branches of the last four cervical nerves (C5, C6, C7 and C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1). These branches are the origin of the suprascapularis, subscapularis, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature, and form the brachiocephalicus, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic musculature. The C7 ventral branch is mainly responsible for formation of nerves (70.5%), followed by C8 (47.4%), C6 (29.5%), T1 (19.2%) and C5 (7.7%). From 78 dissected nerves, 65.4% of nerves resulted from a combination of two or three branches, while only 34.6% of nerves originated from a single branch. Through comparison with other carnivoran species, the origin and innervation area of the Geoffroyi’s Cat brachial plexus were most similar to those of the domestic cat, particularly among those nerves extended to the intrinsic musculature. The results of this study suggest that nerve block techniques currently used in dogs and cats might be efficient in Geoffroyi’s Cat too.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN THE Leopardus geoffroyi

et al. 2018

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Morphological variation of the brachial plexus in four phyllostomid bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Toledo

Peracchi

Nogueira

2022

The Anatomical Record

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Despite the remarkable morphological modifications that occurred in the thoracic limbs of bats, information about the brachial plexus in this group is still scarce. The present study aimed to describe the origin, structure, and distribution of these peripheral nerves in four Phyllostomidae species. Both antimeres of six Artibeus lituratus, five Desmodus rotundus, seven Glossophaga soricina, and five Phyllostomus hastatus—all adult males from the Adriano Lúcio Peracchi Collection (UFRRJ)—were dissected. After complete exposure of the structure, we found that the brachial plexus of D. rotundus and P. hastatus is formed by the same roots (C5–T1), whereas the fourth cervical spinal nerve and the second thoracic spinal nerve are present in G. soricina (C4–T1) and A. lituratus (C5–T2), respectively. There was intraspecific variation and asymmetry in the origin of the structure and the combinations of nerve segments forming terminal branches. The distribution to the target muscles and patagium, however, was not subject to significant variation in our sample. Data presented here support the presence of two prevailing conditions in distribution of nerves to the bat muscles, and the innervation of the membranes seems to be explained by embryogenesis. Although the brachial plexus in phyllostomid bats is similar to that of other terrestrial Laurasiatheria, aspects identified in these bats, apparently unique to Chiroptera, may be related to anatomical changes in the thoracic limbs functionally linked to flight.

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Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in red‐necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus, Marsupialia: Macropodidae)

Bakıcı,

Yunus,

Batur

2024

The Anatomical Record

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Notamacropus rufogriseus (red‐necked wallaby) are in the family Macropodidae, which is the second largest family of marsupials after the family Didelphidae. This study was conducted with the aim of providing a detailed description of the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in N. rufogriseus. Two‐year‐old male and 3‐year‐old female red‐necked wallabies were used for the study. The brachial plexus was formed by ventral rami of C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 spinal nerves. It is composed of three trunks that give rise to 12 principal nerves. The cranial trunk is formed by the combination of the rami C4–C7; the middle trunk is formed by the combination of the rami C6 and C7; and the caudal trunk is formed by the combination of the rami C8 and T1. Differences between left and right side of the plexus brachialis were not observed. C6 ventral spinal rami contribute the most to brachial plexus nerve formation, while C4 contributes the least. The formation and distribution of the plexus in N. rufogriseus exhibited more resemblance to the patterns observed in marsupial animals rather than placental mammals. Marsupial mammals demonstrate the involvement of C4 in the development of the brachial plexus. The formation and branching of the brachial plexus sequentially adapt in accordance with changes in their thoracic limb activities and innervation points. Anatomical data from brachial plexus studies optimizes thoracic limb clinical and surgical treatments. This work can provide baseline data for future marsupial brachial plexus studies and fill gaps in the scarce literature.

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Macroanatomical characteristics of plexus brachialis and its branches in martens (Martes foina)

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN THE Leopardus geoffroyi

BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN THE Leopardus geoffroyi

Morphological variation of the brachial plexus in four phyllostomid bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in red‐necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus, Marsupialia: Macropodidae)

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