IntroductionBeech Marten (Martes foina) is a species of the family Mustelidae of the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora (1).The plexus brachialis is a network of nerves formed by the radix ventralis of the 6th (C6), 7th (C7), and 8th (C8) cervical, and 1st (T1) and 2nd (T2) thoracal spinal nerves in dogs. This network of nerves in cats, on the other hand, is formed by the ventral roots of C6, C7, C8, and T1 spinal nerves. The nerves called n. suprascapularis, nn. subscapulares, n. axillaris, n. thoracodorsalis, n. thoracicus lateralis, n. thoracicus longus, nn. pectorales craniales, nn. pectorales caudales, n. musculocutaneus, n. radialis, n. ulnaris, and n. medianus arise from the plexus brachialis (2).Plexus brachialis injuries lead to neurological diseases that are commonly encountered in carnivores (3). A good command of the anatomical knowledge of the plexus brachialis and its branches is required for both injury interventions and regional anaesthesia applications. In the literature review, it was found that there are studies conducted on the plexus brachialis and its branches in numerous wild and domestic animals (4-11), but no study related to beech martens was found. The purpose of this study was to determine the macroanatomy of the plexus brachialis and its branches in beech marten, which is a member of the family Mustelidae. Materials and methodsA total of 6 beech martens (3 males and 3 females) that died in traffic accidents and were brought to Mehmet Akif Ersoy University's Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy on various dates were used in the study. Nerves forming the plexus brachialis and originating from this plexus in martens were dissected and their results were obtained. The terminology was based on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (12). The use of the animals was allowed by the Local Ethics Committe of Animal Experiments of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (Decision no: 134). ResultsIt was observed in the study that the plexus brachialis was a combination of ventral roots of cervical 6th, 7th, and 8th, and thoracal 1st spinal nerves. It was determined that n. subclavius, n. suprascapularis, nn. subscapulares, n. axillaris, n. thoracodorsalis, nn. pectorales craniales,

In the present study, it was aimed to determine morphometric differences of the mandible of Tuj and Morkaraman sheep having widespread breeding area in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In this study, 20 mandibles of the male Tuj and Morkaraman sheep were used. The 16lenghts taken to the mandible were measured by electronic digital calliper. Furthermore, after the mandible were photographed and printed to milimetric paper, the 4-angles studied were measured with gonimeter. The results of this study proved that the means of the length and angle measurements obtained from Morkaraman sheep were mostly higher than Tuj sheep. The angle of margo ventralis mandibulae (A4) and the mandible height at the level of the rear alveolar edge with 3rd molar tooth (L14) had a significant statistical difference (p<0.05). According to the correlation values, it was seen that A2 values (the angle between the proc. condylaris and ramus mandibulae) of the both sheep breeds were in negative relation with the other mandible measurements. As a result, the obtained data indicate that genetic doesn't significantly affect the morphometry of the mandible of the Morkaraman and Tuj sheeps.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine morphometric and macroanatomic features of auditory ossicles and the tympanic bulla in wolf. Materials and methods: For this purpose, 7 skulls of adult male wolf were used in the study. Auditory ossicles was photographed on a dissection microscope after it was removed from the skull. A total of 14 morphometric measurements were taken among the different points of malleus, incus and stapes in Image J programme. Mean values of the measurements were obtained and statistically compared in terms of sides (right-left). Results: In male wolves, the lengths of the right and left malleus were determined as mean 9.35 ± 0.14 and 9.57 ± 0.25 mm, the lengths of the incus as mean 3.01 ± 0.32 and 2.94 ± 0.16 mm, and the lengths of the stapes as mean 2.57 ± 0.12 and 2.59 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant when all the morphometric parameters were compared in terms of sides (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It is considered that this study will contribute to the anatomical studies to be conducted in the Canidae family regarding auditory ossicles.

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the interdigital gland in Kivircik sheep. The interdigital glands in the forefeet and hind feet of the 16 male Kivircik sheep were examined in terms of morphometric and morphological characteristics. Four lengths (length of duct and corpus, diameter of duct and corpus) and 2 angles (angle of internal and external flexure) were measured in the interdigital glands located between 2 digits after dissection. The interdigital gland contained orifice, excretory duct, flexure, and corpus sections. Lengths and widths of corpus and excretory ducts of the interdigital gland were 2.19, 2.68, 0.47, and 0.20 cm, respectively. The diameter of the excretory duct, external angle, diameter of corpus, and diameter of excretory duct in the right interdigital glands of the Kivircik sheep were higher than those of the left interdigital glands, a statistically significant difference. The apocrine gland secretion was PAS-and AB-positive.

This study was carried out to reveal the formation of the sacral plexus in the Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) and the nerves originating from this plexus. Five EEOs, three of them were male and two were female, were provided from Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Kafkas University and used as materials. Following the euthanizing of the animals, abdominal cavity was opened. The nerves of plexus sacrales were dissected and photographed. It was detected that the sacral plexus was formed by the ventral ramus of five synsacral nerves. Moreover, it was determined that the roots of the sacral plexus formed three trunks: the truncus cranialis, the truncus medius and the truncus caudalis in fossa renalis. The availability of the n. ischiofemoralis and the availability of n. parafibularis were detected in the EEOs. Five branches were specified as having segregated from the sacral plexus: the n. cutaneus femoralis caudalis, the mutual root of n. fibularis with n. tibialis (n. ischiadicus), the rami musculares, the n. coxalis caudalis and the ramus muscularis. It was observed that the sacral plexus was linked to the lumbar plexus by the n. furcalis, to the pudendus plexus via the n. bigeminus. Consequently, the anatomic structure of the EEO's sacral plexus, the participating synsacral nerves to plexus and the innervation areas of these nerves were revealed.