Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control

Kadomoto, Suguru; Izumi, Kouji; Mizokami, Atsushi

doi:10.3390/ijms23010144

Cited by 169 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…The inflammation reaction is the first nonspecific response of the immune system associated with macrophages polarization into a pro-inflammatory status. They release inflammation mediators such as NO (vasodilation) and PGE-2 (immune reaction) among others [ 37 , 38 ]. These disturbances are involved in low-grade inflammation known to promote various metabolic diseases [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Exposure on Nutrition-Health Properties of Micro-Tom Tomatoes

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The anthropogenically induced rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and associated climate change are considered a potential threat to human nutrition. Indeed, an elevated CO2 concentration was associated with significant alterations in macronutrient and micronutrient content in various dietary crops. (2) Method: In order to explore the impact of elevated CO2 on the nutritional-health properties of tomato, we used the dwarf tomato variety Micro-Tom plant model. Micro-Toms were grown in culture chambers under 400 ppm (ambient) or 900 ppm (elevated) carbon dioxide. Macronutrients, carotenoids, and mineral contents were analyzed. Biological anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities were assessed in vitro on activated macrophages. (3) Results: Micro-Tom exposure to 900 ppm carbon dioxide was associated with an increased carbohydrate content whereas protein, minerals, and total carotenoids content were decreased. These modifications of composition were associated with an altered bioactivity profile. Indeed, antioxidant anti-inflammatory potential were altered by 900 ppm CO2 exposure. (4) Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that (i) the Micro-Tom is a laboratory model of interest to study elevated CO2 effects on crops and (ii) exposure to 900 ppm CO2 led to the decrease of nutritional potential and an increase of health beneficial properties of tomatoes for human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Exposure on Nutrition-Health Properties of Micro-Tom Tomatoes

et al. 2022

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“…Previous studies reported the macrophage subsets contribute to inflammation (M1), anti-inflammation (M2a), and tissue remodeling phenotype (M2c). 30 – 33 Our previous study showed that stimulation of M1 polarization by IFN-γ and LPS increased CD86 expression in mouse bone marrow– and disc-derived CD11b-positive cells in vitro. 7 In contrast, stimulation of M2a polarization by IL-4 promoted Fizz1 and CD206 and M2c polarization by increased CD206 expression in disc-derived CD11b cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of M2 Mϕ and its macrophage polarization by TGF-β in a mice intervertebral injury model

Kawakubo

Miyagi

Yokozeki

et al. 2022

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Introduction Studies have identified the presence of M1 and M2 macrophages (Mϕ) in injured intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, the origin and polarization-regulatory factor of M2 Mϕ are not fully understood. TGF-β is a regulatory factor for M2 polarization in several tissues. Here, we investigated the source of M2 Mϕ and the role of TGF-β on M2 polarization using a mice disc-puncture injury model. Methods To investigate the origin of M2 macrophages, 30 GFP chimeric mice were created by bone marrow transplantation. IVDs were obtained from both groups on pre-puncture (control) and post-puncture days 1, 3, 7, and 14 and CD86 (M1 marker)- and CD206 (M2 marker)-positive cells evaluated by flow cytometry ( n = 5 at each time point). To investigate the role of TGF-β on M2 polarization, TGF-β inhibitor (SB431542) was also injected on post-puncture days (PPD) 5 and 6 and CD206 expression was evaluated on day 7 by flow cytometry ( n = 5) and real time PCR ( n = 10). Results The proportion of CD86+ Mϕ within the GFP+ population was significantly increased at PPD 1, 3, 7, and 14 compared to control. CD206-positive cells in GFP-populations were significantly increased on PPD 7 and 14. In addition, the percentage of CD206-positive cells was significantly higher in GFP-populations than in GFP+ populations. TGF-β inhibitor reduced CD206-positive cells and Cd206 expression at 7 days after puncture. Conclusion Our findings suggest that M2 Mϕ following IVD injury may originate from resident Mϕ. TGF-β is a key factor for M2 polarization of macrophages following IVD injury.

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“… Macrophage polarization. Different stimuli, surface and intracellular markers, secreted factors and biological responses [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] between M1 and M2 macrophages were summarized. Abbreviation: IFNγ (interferon gamma); LPS (lipopolysaccharide); GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor); TNF (tumor necrosis factor); CD (cluster of differentiation); MHC-II (major histocompatibility complex class II); iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase); STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription); TLR (toll-like receptor); Arg1 (arginase 1); FIZZ1 (resistin-like molecule alpha1); IL (interleukin); TGF-β (tumor growth factor-beta); MCSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor); AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate); CCL (chemokine C-C motif ligand); CXCL (C-X-C motif ligand); ROS (reactive oxygen species); RNS (reactive nitrogen species); VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Macrophages in Liver Fibrosis: New Therapeutic Opportunities

Binatti

Gerussi

Barisani

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Chronic inflammation is the hallmark of fibrotic disorders and is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the damaged tissues. Macrophages have emerged as central players in the fibrotic process since they initiate, sustain and amplify the inflammatory reaction. As regards the liver, distinct populations of phagocytic cells, like Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, are indisputably key cells implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic liver diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the origin, role and functions of macrophages in fibrotic conditions, with a specific focus on liver fibrosis; then, we discuss some innovative therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages in fibrotic liver diseases.

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Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control

Cited by 169 publications

References 111 publications

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Exposure on Nutrition-Health Properties of Micro-Tom Tomatoes

Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Exposure on Nutrition-Health Properties of Micro-Tom Tomatoes

Origin of M2 Mϕ and its macrophage polarization by TGF-β in a mice intervertebral injury model

The Role of Macrophages in Liver Fibrosis: New Therapeutic Opportunities

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