Macrophage response mediated by extracellular matrix: recent progress

Abstract

Biomaterials are one of efficient treatment options for tissue defects in regenerative medicine. Compared to synthetic materials which tend to induce chronic inflammatory response and fibrous capsule, extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold materials composed of biopolymers are thought to be capable of inducing a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment and facilitate wound healing. Immune cells are the first line of response to implanted biomaterials. In particular, macrophages greatly affect cell behavior and the ultimate treatment outcome based on multiple cell phenotypes with various functions. The macrophage polarization status is considered as a general reflection of the characteristics of the immune microenvironment. Since numerous reports has emphasized the limitation of classical M1/M2 nomenclature, high-resolution techniques such as single-cell sequencing has been applied to recognize distinct macrophage phenotypes involved in host responses to biomaterials. After reviewing latest literatures that explored the immune microenvironment mediated by ECM scaffolds, this paper describe the behaviors of highly heterogeneous and plastic macrophages subpopulations which affect the tissue regeneration. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds interact with macrophages are also discussed from the perspectives of the ECM ultrastructure along with the nucleic acid, protein, and proteoglycan compositions, in order to provide targets for potential therapeutic modulation in regenerative medicine.

Fiber configuration determines foreign body response of electrospun scaffolds: in vitro and in vivo assessments

“…Ample evidence shows that polarization of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype either induced by biochemical or physical factors is associated with an elongated cell shape [45][46][47]. Our results show that the aligned scaffold downregulated M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages as revealed by lower pro-inflammatory gene expression and higher anti-inflammatory gene Il10 expression (figure 4(E)) in comparison to the randomly oriented fibers.…”

Omentum Extracellular Matrix-Silk Fibroin Hydroscaffold Promotes Wound Healing through Vascularization and Tissue Remodeling in the Diabetic Rat Model

“…A significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the percentage areas of CCR7 + macrophages between SF and SF−dECM on day 14 was observed, suggesting the immunomodulatory effect of the omental dECM, similar to other tissue-derived ECM. 64,65 A limited number of CD206 + M2-type macrophages was observed in the wounds treated with the hydroscaffolds on day 7, and the quantification showed a substantial increase (p ≤ 0.01) of CD206 + population in hydroscaffold-treated groups compared to the untreated group on day 14. The dynamic shift in the macrophage population from M1 to M2 reflects transitioning of wound microenvironment from the inflammatory state to proliferative phase.…”

miR–122–5p Promotes Cowshed Particulate Matter2.5-Induced Apoptosis in NR8383 by Targeting COL4A1

“…The continuous exposure to 2 of 15 PM 2.5 exacerbates damage to the alveolar macrophages, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. Some reports suggest that the extracellular matrix (ECM) around the macrophages provides structural support for cellular adhesion and the perception of physical stimuli [9]. Collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, may be involved in cellular damage [10].…”