Macrophages at CNS interfaces: ontogeny and function in health and disease

Kierdorf, Katrin; Masuda, Takahiro; Jordão, Marta Joana Costa; Prinz, Marco

doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0201-x

Cited by 287 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…CNS-associated macrophages, which express a gene signature of Mrc1 (CD206), Pf4 , Cbr2 , Ms4a7 , and Stab1 , include choroid plexus, dural, leptomeningeal, and perivascular macrophages (Kierdorf et al, 2019; Jordão et al, 2019). Perivascular macrophages are elongated cells residing between the astrocytic endfeet and parenchymal vessels (primarily arteries and veins).…”

Section: The Nvumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, leakage of nonspecific molecules is distinct from leukocyte extravasation, which occurs via an active trafficking process. Single-cell sequencing has identified many subsets of immune cells with distinct roles in neuroinflammation that likely interact with the BBB in disease (Mrdjen et al, 2018; Jordão et al, 2019; Kierdorf et al, 2019; Masuda et al, 2019; Mundt et al, 2019). Parenchymal ECs up-regulate leukocyte adhesion molecules, thus increasing leukocyte trafficking.…”

Section: Bbb Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

Profaci

Munji

Pulido

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Medicine

466

358

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The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the parenchyma. This “blood–brain barrier” is initiated during angiogenesis via signals from the surrounding neural environment, and its integrity remains vital for homeostasis and neural protection throughout life. Blood–brain barrier dysfunction contributes to pathology in a range of neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis, stroke, and epilepsy, and has also been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This review will discuss current knowledge and key unanswered questions regarding the blood–brain barrier in health and disease.

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Section: The Nvumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bbb Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

Profaci

Munji

Pulido

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Medicine

466

358

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Microglia were originally described by Pio del Rio-Hortega in 1919 12) and proposed to have a mesodermal origin. 13) By fate mapping analyses, erythromyeloid progenitors generated in the embryonic yolk sac were identified as the origin of microglia. 14) The progeni-tors develop into microglia progenitors via an immature and more mature stage, then leave the yolk sac and migrate to the brain through blood vessels, and, terminally differentiate into microglia.…”

Section: Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia-Mediated Regulation of Neuropathic Pain: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

Tsuda

2019

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Pain is a defense system that responds rapidly to harmful internal and external stimuli through the somatosensory neuronal pathway. However, damage to the nervous system through cancer, diabetes, infection, autoimmune disease, chemotherapy or trauma often leads to neuropathic pain, a debilitating chronic pain condition. Neuropathic pain is not simply a temporal continuum of acute nociceptive signals from the periphery, but rather due to pathologically altered functions in the nervous system, which shift the net neuronal excitatory balance toward excitation. Although alterations were long thought to be a result of changes in neurons, but an increasing body of evidence over the past decades indicates the necessity and sufficiency of microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the spinal cord and brain, for nerve injury-induced malfunction of the nervous system. In this review article, I describe our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and discuss the therapeutic potential of microglia from recent advances in the development of new drugs targeting microglia.

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“…the epiplexus cells on the apical surface and cells in the stroma). There has been increased interest in the role of macrophages at all blood-CNS interfaces (perivascular, leptomeningeal, dural and choroid plexus) [69]. At the choroid plexus, epiplexus cell activation occurs in different hydrocephalus models [70,71].…”

Section: Choroid Plexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019

Keep

Jones²,

Drewes

2020

Fluids Barriers CNS

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This editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research published in 2019, as well as addressing current controversies and pressing needs. Topics include recent advances related to: the cerebral endothelium and the neurovascular unit; the choroid plexus, arachnoid membrane; cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic hypothesis; the impact of disease states on brain barriers and brain fluids; drug delivery to the brain; and translation of preclinical data to the clinic. This editorial also mourns the loss of two important figures in the field, Malcolm B. Segal and Edward G. Stopa.

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Macrophages at CNS interfaces: ontogeny and function in health and disease

Cited by 287 publications

References 185 publications

The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

Microglia-Mediated Regulation of Neuropathic Pain: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019

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