Macrophages from Mice Administered Rhus verniciflua Stokes Extract Show Selective Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract

The bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) is used as a food additive and herbal medicine for various inflammatory disorders and cancer in Eastern Asia. RVS has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in vitro, but whether oral administration of RVS affects the inflammatory response of macrophage needs to be verified. RVS was given orally to mice for ten days. For isolation of macrophages, intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate was performed. For determination of serum inflammatory response, intraperitoneal injection of LPS was applied. RVS stimulated monocyte differentiation in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis by increasing the population of cells expressing CD11b and class A scavenger receptors. These monocyte-derived macrophages showed an increased uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. When peritoneal macrophages from the RVS group were stimulated with LPS, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the supernatant decreased, but the level of IL-12 increased. The surface expression of CD86 was reduced, but surface expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules was increased. RVS suppressed the serum levels of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6. Collectively, RVS promoted monocyte differentiation upon inflammatory insults and conferred selective anti-inflammatory activity without causing overall inhibitory effects on immune cells.

Alcohol dehydrogenase of Candida albicans triggers differentiation of THP-1 cells into macrophages

“…Additionally, the concentration of endotoxin in original recombinant ADH (0.87 mg/mL) was 0.09 unit/mL which is equal to 10.8 pg/mL according to calculate conversions [22] , therefore 300 nM ADH contains 0.135 pg/mL LPS. The effective concentrations of LPS to stimulate monocytes/macrophages commonly range from 100 ng/mL to 20 μg/mL [14] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] . Although the concentration of LPS was extremely low in this study, flow cytometric assay and ELISA were performed on LPS-treated THP-1 cells in order to completely exclude the influences of LPS which is considered an inflammatory activator and able to increase monocytes surface markers expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines production [28] .…”

Modulation of local and systemic immune responses by fermented garlic extract

“…However, a higher level and different pattern of IL-12 production were detected at a lower concentration of FGE in comparison to that in RAW264.7 cells. Kim et al (23) discovered that the activation of NF-κB and IRF-1 proteins by IFN-γ plays a role in the production of IL-12. Furthermore, T-cells, NK cells that release a substantial amount of IFN-γ, are found in insignificant numbers in adherent fractions of peritoneal exudate cells (23).…”

“…Nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) are involved in the production of IL-12, which is then activated by IFN-γ (22). T-cells and NK cells, which release a substantial amount of IFN-γ, are found in insignificant numbers in adherent peritoneal exudate cells (23). As a result, FGE treatment may have induced peritoneal macrophages to create more IL-12 in response to IFN-γ.…”

Could Sumac Be Effective on COVID-19 Treatment?

“…Furthermore, the same study reported that Sumac caused monocyte differentiation through exhibiting selective anti-inflammatory activity without causing overall inhibitory effects on the immune cells. 23 There exist studies indicating that Sumac decreased the CPR levels, which previously increased due to diabetes, cancer, and atherosclerosis. 24 The findings of a study focusing on Sumac indicated that it had the effect of correcting immunosuppression, which occurred due to chemotherapeutics and was particularly effective for regulating WBC deficiency and lymphopenia.…”