Macroscale superlubricity enabled by graphene nanoscroll formation

Berman, Diana; Deshmukh, Sanket A.; Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian K. R. S.; Erdemir, Ali; Sumant, Anirudha V.

doi:10.1126/science.1262024

Cited by 766 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Amorphous and lattice materials such as diamond like carbon (DLC) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) have been especially efficient in reducing friction even down to a coefficient of friction of 0.01 and below. The thin coatings can be further improved by processing nanostructures and nanolayered coatings [14,39,[81][82][83][84]. As a new concept, researchers have also designed smart catalytically active nano-composite layers with an ability to crack long-chain hydrocarbon molecules of base oils and turn them into diamond-like carbon tribofilms and other forms of carbon nanostructures on rubbing surfaces [41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

2017

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Abstract:Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption, economic expenditure, and CO 2 emissions are presented on a global scale. This impact study covers the four main energy consuming sectors: transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential. Previously published four case studies on passenger cars, trucks and buses, paper machines and the mining industry were included in our detailed calculations as reference data in our current analyses. The following can be concluded:-In total, ~23% (119 EJ) of the world's total energy consumption originates from tribological contacts. Of that 20% (103 EJ) is used to overcome friction and 3% (16 EJ) is used to remanufacture worn parts and spare equipment due to wear and wear-related failures.-By taking advantage of the new surface, materials, and lubrication technologies for friction reduction and wear protection in vehicles, machinery and other equipment worldwide, energy losses due to friction and wear could potentially be reduced by 40% in the long term (15 years)and by 18% in the short term (8 years). On global scale, these savings would amount to 1.4% of the GDP annually and 8.7% of the total energy consumption in the long term.-The largest short term energy savings are envisioned in transportation (25%) and in the power generation (20%) while the potential savings in the manufacturing and residential sectors are estimated to be ~10%. In the longer terms, the savings would be 55%, 40%, 25%, and 20%, respectively.-Implementing advanced tribological technologies can also reduce the CO 2 emissions globally by as much as 1,460 MtCO 2 and result in 450,000 million Euros cost savings in the short term. In the longer term, the reduction can be 3,140 MtCO 2 and the cost savings 970,000 million Euros.Fifty years ago, wear and wear-related failures were a major concern for UK industry and their mitigation was considered to be the major contributor to potential economic savings by as much as 95% in ten years by the development and deployment of new tribological solutions. The corresponding estimated savings are today still of the same orders but the calculated contribution to cost reduction is about 74% by friction reduction and to 26% from better wear protection. Overall, wear appears to be more critical than friction as it may result in catastrophic failures and operational breakdowns that can adversely impact productivity and hence cost.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

2017

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“…Friction and wear remain the primary modes of mechanical energy dissipation in moving mechanical assemblies [1]. Sliding, rolling, and rotating contact interfaces in every artificial, natural, and biological system can generate friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tribological Properties of Multi-Layered Graphene as Additives of PAO2 Oil in Steel–Steel Contacts

Guo

Zhang

2016

Lubricants

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Multi-layered graphene was prepared by supercritical CO 2 exfoliation of graphite. As the additives of polyalphaolefin-2 (PAO2) oil, its tribological properties were investigated using four-ball test method. The friction reduction and anti-wear ability of pure lubricant was improved by the addition of graphene. With a favorable concentration, the graphene was dispersive. The PAO2 oil with 0.05 wt % graphene showed better tribological properties than that for the other concentration of graphene additives. It could be used as a good lubricant additive for its excellent tribological characteristics, and the multi-layered graphene can bear the load of the steel ball and prevent direct contact of the mating metal surfaces. However, a higher concentration would cause the agglomeration of graphene and weaken the improvement of tribological properties.

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“…The energy issue pushes us to develop more robust lubricious materials. Nowadays, superlubricity is a most fascinating word not only in mind but also in practice [1][2][3][4][5]. Designing promising mechanical systems with ultra-low friction performance and establishing superlubricity regime is imperative not only to the most greatly save energy but also to reduce hazardous waste emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-Lubricious, Fullerene-like, Hydrogenated Carbon Films

Zhang¹,

Gao²,

Yu³

et al. 2018

Fullerenes and Relative Materials - Properties and Applications

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Almost one-third of minimal energy is consumed via friction and wear process. Thus, to save energy using advanced lubrication materials is one of the main routes that tribologists are focused on. Recently, superlubricity is the most prominent way to face energy problems. Designing promising mechanical systems with ultra-low friction performance and establishing superlubricity regime is imperative not only to the most greatly save energy but also to reduce hazardous waste emissions into our environment. At the macroscale, hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) film with a supersmooth and fully hydrogen terminated surface is the most promising materials to realize superlubricity. However, the exact superlubricity of DLC film can only be observed under high vacuum or specific conditions and is not realized under ambient conditions for engineering applications. The latest breakthrough in macroscale superlubricity is made by introducing fullerene-like nano-structure and designing graphene nanoscroll formation, which also demonstrates the structure-superlubricity (coefficient of friction ~0.002) relationship.Thus, it is very interesting to design macroscale superlubricity by prompting the in situ formation of these structures at the friction interfaces. In this chapter, we will focus on fullerene-like hydrogenated carbon (FL-C:H) films and cover the growth methods, nanostructures, mechanic, friction properties and superlubricity mechanism.

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Macroscale superlubricity enabled by graphene nanoscroll formation

Cited by 766 publications

References 44 publications

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

The Tribological Properties of Multi-Layered Graphene as Additives of PAO2 Oil in Steel–Steel Contacts

Super-Lubricious, Fullerene-like, Hydrogenated Carbon Films

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