Macular Hole Following Ruptured Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm

Visual outcome after vitreous, sub-internal limiting membrane, and/or submacular hemorrhage removal associated with ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysms

“…Recently, there have been some reports describing cases of ruptured RAM complicated with a macular hole [14,15]. Since RAM occur in the nerve fiber layer comprising the innermost layer of the retina, the fact that hemorrhage resulting from rupture thereof reaches the subretinal space means that the bleeding has penetrated nearly the entire layer of the retinal parenchyma [16].…”

Early-onset macular holes following ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysms

“…A few studies have reported macular hole formation after rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm [4][5][6][7]. There are two clinical types of macular hole after the rupture of a macroaneurysm: early-onset [4,5] and late-onset types [6,7].…”

“…There are two clinical types of macular hole after the rupture of a macroaneurysm: early-onset [4,5] and late-onset types [6,7]. The early-onset type possibly results from retinal microlaceration at the fovea due to a gap between the intraocular pressure (IOP) and highly elevated pressure in the subretinal space derived from systolic blood pressure immediately after the rupture of the macroaneurysm, tangential retinal traction related to hydrodynamics of arterial hemorrhage, or both.…”

“…A few studies have reported that rupture of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm might result in macular hole formation [4][5][6][7]. These cases involved early-onset [4,5] and late-onset types of macular holes [6,7]. The former might be mechanically associated with blood pressure, while the latter might result from macular traction subsequent to blood-associated inflammation.…”

Retinal Tear Located Beneath the Detached Internal Limiting Membrane Associated With Ruptured Macroaneurysm

“…In addition, extensive hemorrhage can cause secondary macular holes. [1][2][3] We report a case of extensive sub-ILM hemorrhage with a retinal break beneath the sub-ILM hemorrhage.…”