Maedi–Visna virus infection in sheep. History and present knowledge

Straub, O. C.

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(02)00078-4

Cited by 59 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Instead, the diseases induced by the ungulate lentiviruses are characterized by intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues (lung, brain, and joints) with marked infiltrations of macrophages and lym- phocytes. Thus, visna-maedi virus causes pulmonary and neurological manifestations in selected breeds of sheep such as Corridale (39). Although caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus can induce debilitating arthritis, this occurs in less than 10% of infected goats (6,7,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Although Macrophage-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Can Exhibit a Range of Pathogenic Phenotypes, a Majority of Isolates Induce No Clinical Disease in Immunocompetent Macaques

Igarashi

Donau

Imamichi

et al. 2007

J Virol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Although Macrophage-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Can Exhibit a Range of Pathogenic Phenotypes, a Majority of Isolates Induce No Clinical Disease in Immunocompetent Macaques

Igarashi

Donau

Imamichi

et al. 2007

J Virol

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“…2002. Τα οροθετικά ζώα, άσχετα εάν παρουσιάζουν ή όχι συμπτώματα, θεωρού νται ισόβια πηγή διασποράς του ιοΰ, τον οποίο απεκκρί νουν με τις εκκρίσεις του αναπνευστικού συνεχώς, όπως επίσης και με το πρωτόγαλα και το γάλα (Straub 2004). Επίμονη λοίμωξη παρατηρείται στα κύτταρα της σειράς των μονοκΰτταρων/μακροφάγων και η αιτία εγκατάστα σης της είναι η ίδια όπως και στο προηγούμενο νόσημα.…”

Section: προϊούσα πνευμονία του προβάτουunclassified

“…2000a, Belknap 2002, Reilly και συν. 2002, Straub 2004. ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΚΤΗΝΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑΣ 2004,55(4) JOURNAL OF THE HELLENIC VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY 2004,55(4) …”

Section: β) εκρίζωσηunclassified

Persistent viral infections in farm and companion animals: mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of viral persistence

Papanastasopoulou

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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In persistent viral infections the responsible virus is not eliminated by the host's immune system, but it is maintained in infected cells for months, years or lifetime and it is excreted periodically or continuously. The carrier animal may either appear healthy or show clinical signs. The epizootiologic importance of persistent infections is of compelling interest, since the asymptomatic carriers become a permanent source of viral dissemination that can transport the virus across long-distances and reintroduce it into a given herd, region or country, where the disease had been eliminated. Moreover, a persistent viral infection may be reactivated and cause recrudescent episodes of disease, may lead to immunopathologic or neoplastic disease in the individual host and yet may be transmitted to other animals or to the humans via contaminated materials of animal origin. The economic losses are significant at both farm and national level. Fifty four RNA or DNA viruses induce persistent infections in farm and companion animals. In particular, 14 viruses cause persistent infections in bovines, 7 in small ruminants, 9 in swine, 11 in equines, 8 in cats and 5 in dogs. The majority of these infections are caused by retroviruses and herpesviruses. For a virus to establish and maintain persistent infection, it should have limited cytolytic action, it should be able to maintain its genome within host cells over time and to evade the immune defence mechanisms of the host. The preventive measures are largely based either on the immunization of susceptible animals or on the eradication of the disease by stamping-out policy. The currendy available vaccines are inactivated or live attenuated. Most of them are prepared by conventional methods, but they also exist those that are biotechnologicaUy engineered, such as vector vaccines marker vaccines or subunit vaccines. A major advantage related to the use of marker vaccines is that vaccinated animals can potentially be differentiated from the naturally infected ones by this process.

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“…The main route of SRLV infection is through the mother's milk, especially colostrum [10,11]; however, infection can also occur via contact between infected and healthy animals. It should be noted that the mechanisms of contact infection are still relatively poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with small-ruminant lentiviruses in sheepfold buildings

Bojar

Junkuszew

Dudko

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Small-ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection is widespread across Europe. It causes substantial economic losses in sheep breeding. The main route of SRLV infection is through the mother's milk, especially colostrum However, infection can also occur via contact between infected and healthy animals. It should be noted that the mechanisms of contact infection are still relatively poorly understood. The virus can also spread through a flock via an aerogenic mechanism. Objective. Due to the increased risk of SRLV infection in sheep bred in an alcove system, this study sought to define the effect of various selected factors associated with alcove breeding on the frequency of SRLV infection in sheep Materials and method. Risk factors associated with small-ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection were analyzed among flocks of sheep in central-eastern Poland. Ninety-eight sheep flocks were selected for detailed investigation and included 6,470 ewes and 15 breeds and lines. Serologic testing of blood samples was used to identify infected animals and evaluate the epidemiologic status of particular flocks. Specific antibodies for Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) were detected via ELISA. Questionnaires were used to gather information concerning risk factors. Results. The study's results indicate that factors associated with environmental conditions under which sheep are kept play a significant role in determining the risk of SRLV infection. Conclusions. Special attention should be focused on airborne contamination associated with the technologies used in sheep breeding. Breeding technologies that limit airborne contamination in farm buildings should be employed. In developing programmes to eliminate SLRV in sheep flocks, improvement of zoohygenic conditions should also be considered.

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Maedi–Visna virus infection in sheep. History and present knowledge

Cited by 59 publications

References 2 publications

Although Macrophage-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Can Exhibit a Range of Pathogenic Phenotypes, a Majority of Isolates Induce No Clinical Disease in Immunocompetent Macaques

Although Macrophage-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Can Exhibit a Range of Pathogenic Phenotypes, a Majority of Isolates Induce No Clinical Disease in Immunocompetent Macaques

Persistent viral infections in farm and companion animals: mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of viral persistence

Risk factors associated with small-ruminant lentiviruses in sheepfold buildings

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