Magical ideation and social anhedonia as predictors of psychosis proneness: A partial replication.

Kwapil, Thomas Richard; Miller, Michael B.; Zinser, Michael C.; Chapman, Jean P.; Chapman, Loren J.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.3.491

Cited by 205 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, our present findings would extend the observations of potential protective brain mechanisms along the schizophrenia spectrum including healthy schizo typal populations. In addition to these considerations, such protective mechanisms may explain why even large longitudinal studies on participants with high MI scores, as undertaken by the Chapman group (Chapman et al, 1994;Kwapil et al, 1997), failed to convincingly predict a later psychotic breakdown from elevated positive schizotypal features alone (see also Verdoux and van Os, 2002). Indeed, high MI might also predict a later mood disorder (Chapman et al, 1994) and is a common feature not only of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders but also a symptom of some personality disorders (eg Lyons et al, 1995;Kwapil et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these considerations, such protective mechanisms may explain why even large longitudinal studies on participants with high MI scores, as undertaken by the Chapman group (Chapman et al, 1994;Kwapil et al, 1997), failed to convincingly predict a later psychotic breakdown from elevated positive schizotypal features alone (see also Verdoux and van Os, 2002). Indeed, high MI might also predict a later mood disorder (Chapman et al, 1994) and is a common feature not only of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders but also a symptom of some personality disorders (eg Lyons et al, 1995;Kwapil et al, 1997). Thus, positive schizotypy may be accompanied by a relative hyperdopaminergia, but yet reflects just one of the many DA-mediated variations of the human mind and personality (Horrobin, 1998;Previc, 1999) accompanied by distinct cognitive capacities (Gianotti et al, 2001;Weinstein and Graves, 2002) and, ultimately, an unusual way of perceiving the world (Wolfradt et al, 1999;Sto + ckenius and Brugger, 2000;McCreery and Claridge, 2002;Van de Ven and Merckelbach, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, this line of research became well accepted to study brain functions related to schizophrenia free from confounding correlates of severe clinical symptoms such as medication and institutionalization (eg Gooding et al, 1999;Avons et al, 2003). In fact, preselected and unselected schizotypal individuals, thought to be 'psychosis-prone' (Chapman et al, 1994;Kwapil et al, 1997), perform similar to patients with schizophrenia for cognitive (Gooding et al, 1999;Park, 1999), attentional (Sarkin et al, 1998;Mohr et al, 2003a), behavioral (Barnett and Corballis, 2002;Mohr et al, 2003b) and physiological (Klein et al, 1999;Pizzagalli et al, 2000) measures. Finally, alterations of dopaminergic responsivity may accompany the schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a continuous manner; the DA metabolite homovanillin acid (HVA) correlated with severity of positive symptoms in schizophrenia (Pickar et al, 1984;Davidson and Davis, 1988) and the extent of schizotypal personality disorder (Siever et al, 1991(Siever et al, , 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Möhr

Landis

Sándor

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Stereotyped behavior and left-sided orientation biases, associated with the dopamine (DA) system, were observed in populations of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We investigated whether heightened DA concentrations influence both side biases and stereotyped responding in a visuo-motor computer task, in which 90, 180, and 2701 rotated objects had to be brought into a target position. To account for the role of the schizophrenia spectrum, task performance was also analyzed as a function of healthy participants' high or low magical ideation (MI), a positive schizotypal feature. The first 36 participants (20 women) remained substance free. In a second sample, 20 men received levodopa and 20 men a placebo in a double-blind procedure. Results showed that high MI scorers responded more stereotyped than low MI scorers, without being specifically biased towards the left side. Rotation preferences toward one or the other side made high MI scorers less flexible for objects efficiently to be rotated into the opposite direction. This inflexibility may reflect impaired left hemisphere functioning. Unexpectedly, in the levodopa group, high MI scorers performed superior to low MI scorers. Since DA actions appear to follow an inverted U-shape function, the 'low' performing high MI scorers profited from the enhanced DA availability. Our observation in the levodopa group points to a dissociation between schizotypy and schizophrenia: while cognitive improvement in schizophrenia can occur after treatment with atypical neuroleptic agents, in our positive schizotypal participants a DA agonist resulted in improved task performance. This dissociation may point to protective neurochemical mechanisms preventing healthy schizotypes from developing full-blown psychotic symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Möhr

Landis

Sándor

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Smith et al (2006) examined patients who suffered relapses in psychosis and showed that those with worse depression, self-esteem, and negative beliefs, had persecutory delusions of greater severity. In healthy participants, two longitudinal studies reported that psychosis-prone individuals had a higher rate of Major Depressive Disorder than controls (Chapman et al, 1994;Kwapil et al, 1997) and were at a higher risk to develop an incident depression . Low selfesteem was also associated to delusional ideation in the general population (Warman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction

Rodier

Prévost

Renoult

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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Emotional distress and reasoning biases are two factors known to contribute to delusions. As a step towards elucidating mechanisms underlying delusions, the main aim of this study was to evaluate a possible "jumping to new conclusions" reasoning bias in healthy people with delusional ideation and its association with emotions. We surveyed 80 healthy participants, measuring levels of depression, anxiety, cognitive error and delusional ideation. Participants completed two versions of the beads task to evaluate their reasoning style. Results showed that people with delusional ideation reached a conclusion after less information, as expected. Interestingly, they also tended to change their conclusions more often than people without delusional ideation and did so with greater conviction. Depression and cognitive errors were strong predictors of delusional ideation but not of reasoning style. We conclude that delusional ideation in non-psychotic individuals is independently predicted by depressive symptoms and by a high conviction in new conclusions.

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“…Recent research on schizotypy indicates that schizotypal symptoms divide into the same three factors found in schizophrenia, ie positive, negative, and disorganized (Reynolds et al, 2000;Suhr and Spitznagel, 2001). Here, we chose to focus on the positive and negative dimensions of schizotypy, since these have been associated in longitudinal studies with elevated rates of psychosis and social dysfunction (Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al, 1993;Chapman et al, 1994;Kwapil et al, 1997;Freedman et al, 1998). We identified positive and negative symptom schizotypy using the perceptual aberration (PerAb) and physical anhedonia (PhysAn) scales, respectively (Chapman et al, 1976(Chapman et al, , 1978.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Dopamine Release in Humans at Risk of Psychosis: a [11C]Raclopride PET Study

Soliman

O’Driscoll

Pruessner

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

133

109

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Drugs that increase dopamine levels in the brain can cause psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and worsen them in schizophrenic patients. Psychological stress also increases dopamine release and is thought to play a role in susceptibility to psychotic illness. We hypothesized that healthy individuals at elevated risk of developing psychosis would show greater striatal dopamine release than controls in response to stress. Using positron emission tomography and [ 11 C]raclopride, we measured changes in synaptic dopamine concentrations in 10 controls and 16 psychometric schizotypes; 9 with perceptual aberrations (PerAb, ie positive schizotypy) and 7 with physical anhedonia (PhysAn, ie negative schizotypy). [ 11 C]Raclopride binding potential was measured during a psychological stress task and a sensory-motor control. All three groups showed significant increases in self-reported stress and cortisol levels between the stress and control conditions. However, only the PhysAn group showed significant stress-induced dopamine release. Dopamine release in the entire sample was significantly negatively correlated with smooth pursuit gain, an endophenotype linked to frontal lobe function. Our findings suggest the presence of abnormalities in the dopamine response to stress in negative symptom schizotypy, and provide indirect evidence of a link to frontal function.

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Magical ideation and social anhedonia as predictors of psychosis proneness: A partial replication.

Cited by 205 publications

References 17 publications

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction

Stress-Induced Dopamine Release in Humans at Risk of Psychosis: a [11C]Raclopride PET Study

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