Magmatic plumbing of a large Permian caldera exposed to a depth of 25 km

The growth of large mafic intrusions: Comparing Niquelândia and Ivrea igneous complexes

“…Igneous foliation is also described in the Skaergaard Layered Complex, where the deepest gabbros show both foliation and stretching lineation and grade upwards into foliated gabbros without lineation while isotropic rocks are present at the core and at the roof of the complex (Mc Birney and Nicolas, 1997). Moreover, there are increasing evidence that large plutons, either granitic or mafic, may have grown incrementally by episodic injections over millions of years Glazner et al, 2004;Quick et al, 2009) and that cooling beneath the solidus may also have taken further millions of years, especially in deep-seated intrusions (Peressini et al, 2007;Sinigoi et al, 2011). If a large, incompletely solidified body persists in the crust for millions of years, it will accommodate much of the strain in a regional dynamic environment.…”

Overlapping Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopic compositions in Permian mafic enclaves and host granitoids in Alxa Block, NW China: Evidence for crust–mantle interaction and implications for the generation of silicic igneous provinces

“…In a silicic large igneous province (SLIP), the fertility of crust plays a crucial role in governing the generation of large volumes of continental silicic magmas (Bryan, 2007;Bryan et al, 2002). Accordingly, underplated basaltic magmas are commonly considered more as a large reservoir of heat rather than a source of silicic magmas (Bryan, 2007;Bryan et al, 2008;Quick et al, 2009;Sinigoi et al, 2011). Nonetheless, some large volumes of silicic magmas are clearly generated by crystal fractionation of primary mantle-derived magmas accompanied by some assimilation of local wall-rocks (Deering et al, 2011;Rooney and Deering, 2014).…”

Occurrence of phlogopite in the Finero Mafic layered complex

“…hornblende to pargasite in composition, [3]) in all its units [1-3, 5, 6, 8, 9]; this is a major compositional difference when compared to the Mafic Complex forming the central IVZ, i.e. the Val Sesia Magmatic System [10][11][12][13][14][15]. For the Finero Mafic Complex, Siena & Coltorti [3] proposed a model of fractional crystallization starting from a hydrous transitional MORB.…”