Magnesium Based Alloys for Biodegradable Implants Applications Using Additive Manufacturing Technique: A Review

Abstract

Biodegradable materials have various advantages compared to nonbiodegradable materials. Developing implants using biodegradable materials eliminates the need for secondary surgery, improves mechanical and biological properties, and improves biocompatibility. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are frequently used in orthopedic applications nowadays. However, the rapid degradation of Mg poses a substantial challenge. As a result, for the bone to heal properly, a proper balance between implant degeneration rate and bone healing must be obtained. Mg has certain other drawbacks, such as the need for an inert atmosphere when employing powder metallurgy and casting procedures to manufacture it because of its reactive nature. In this paper, Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for manufacturing orthopedic biodegradable implants made of Mg and its alloys are discussed which helps in obtaining improved biological and mechanical properties of the implants. These orthopedic implants should have a controlled rate of degradation and antibacterial functional surfaces. There is also a description of the use of several AM processes utilized to enhance the mechanical and biological characteristics of implants employing Mg. This paper also seeks to present the concept of integrating established techniques into a production process to obtain the needed biodegradable implant material for orthopedic applications.

Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Implants: Properties, Challenges, and Surface Modifications

“…Biodegradable alloys are generally considered safe, biocompatible, and non-cytotoxic when the viability of cells adjacent to corroding metals surpasses 70% compared to a control group. For instance, the Mg-Zr-Sr-Sc alloy is considered biocompatible because cell viability remains at least 83% [57]. Toxicity is typically attributed to released ions other than Mg 2+ .…”