Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Abstract

Epidemiological studies on magnesium intake and primary liver cancer (PLC) are scarce, and no prospective studies have examined the associations of magnesium intake with PLC incidence and mortality. We sought to clarify whether higher magnesium intake from diet and supplements was associated with lower risks of PLC incidence and mortality in the US population. Magnesium intake from diet and supplements was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 104,025 participants. Cox regression was employed to calculate hazard ratios for PLC incidence and competing risk regression was employed to calculate subdistribution hazard ratios for PLC mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression was employed to test nonlinearity. We documented 116 PLC cases during 1,193,513.5 person‐years of follow‐up and 100 PLC deaths during 1,198,021.3 person‐years of follow‐up. Total (diet + supplements) magnesium intake was found to be inversely associated with risks of PLC incidence (hazard ratiotertile 3 vs. 1: 0.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.80; ptrend = 0.0065) and mortality (subdistribution hazard ratiotertile 3 vs. 1: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.71; ptrend = 0.0008). Similar results were obtained for dietary magnesium intake. Nonlinear inverse dose–response associations with PLC incidence and mortality were observed for both total and dietary magnesium intakes (all pnonlinearity < 0.05). In summary, in the US population, a high magnesium intake is associated with decreased risks of PLC incidence and mortality in a nonlinear dose–response manner. These findings support that increasing the consumption of foods rich in magnesium may be beneficial in reducing PLC incidence and mortality.

Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19

“…Recent study suggests that increasing intake of magnesium-containing foods may help reduce the incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer ( Zhong et al, 2020 ). One case report shows that the subcutaneous administration of magnesium in a syringe pump can reduce repeated hospital admissions for patients with recurrent symptomatic hypomagnesaemia like the patients with advanced ovarian cancer ( Fenning et al, 2018 ).…”

“… Cancer Fenning et al (2018) UK Magnesium sulfate infusion 20 mmol intravenous magnesium sulfate in 500 mL normal saline infused at various rates, ranging from 6 to 12 h in a syringe pump Magnesium sulfate mitigates recurrent symptomatic hypomagnesaemia in advanced ovarian cancer. Zhong et al (2020) USA Magnesium supplementation Magnesium intake at 100 mg/day from diet and supplement is evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire in 1 year A high magnesium intake is associated with decreased risk of primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in a nonlinear dose-response manner. Wark et al (2012) Netherlands Magnesium supplementation Dietary 100 mg magnesium intake per day Higher dietary magnesium is associated with lower risk of colorectal tumors; every 100 mg/day increase in magnesium intake is associated with 13% lower risk of colorectal adenomas and 12% lower risk of colorectal cancer.…”

Assessment and Imaging of Intracellular Magnesium in SaOS-2 Osteosarcoma Cells and Its Role in Proliferation

“…The greatest reduction for magnesium intake was a result of 200-270 mg/day [44]. Another study suggested that increasing the intake of magnesiumcontaining foods may help reduce the incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer [15]. Interestingly, a recent study found that cancer survivors used dietary supplements at a higher frequency and dose than individuals without cancer, but had an overall lower intake of nutrients from foods [45].…”

“…Despite the evident link between magnesium and cell proliferation, the role of magnesium in cancer cells is scarcely documented and often contradictory [13][14][15]; in particular, the role of magnesium in primary bone tumours has not yet been examined. It is worth noting that in physiological conditions, magnesium plays an important role in bone metabolism [16][17][18] and can influence osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, affecting bone growth and remodelling [19,20].…”

Nutritional supplementation of the pharmacotherapy of prostate diseases

“…Moreover, according to some authors, the content of magnesium in the man's sperm in a greater degree as the content of zinc shows stable correlations with the signs of chronic prostatitis, which makes it possible to consider it as a reliable biochemical marker of this disease (Bassey et al 2019). In recent years, scientific data on the possible role of magnesium in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer have begun to accumulate, but today they are quite heterogeneous and contradictory, which requires further research (Steck et al 2018;Fowke et al 2019;Zhong et al 2020).…”