Magnesium Sulfur Battery with a New Magnesium Powder Anode

Sievert, Brigitta; Häcker, Joachim; Bienen, Fabian; Wagner, Norbert; Friedrich, K. Andreas

doi:10.1149/07711.0413ecst

Cited by 23 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Clearly, cells containing a pressed anode (Figure a,b) showed better Coulombic efficiencies than those based on a Mg foil (Figure c) due to a more efficient charging . Furthermore, cells containing pressed anodes lasted for 100 cycles while those based on Mg foil were reported to fail after only 15 cycles . Notably, the authors also found that cells containing pressed anodes prepared at low pressure showed better electrochemical behavior and better voltage plateau recovery than those based on PAHP .…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Friedrich and co‐workers addressed this issue and reported on pressed magnesium powder anodes with an increased surface area. They compared the electrochemical performance of anodes based on pressed and conventional magnesium foil, respectively.…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They compared the electrochemical performance of anodes based on pressed and conventional magnesium foil, respectively. For the preparation of powder‐based magnesium anodes, they ball‐milled a mixture of magnesium powder and graphite powder in a weight ratio of 4:1 and compressed the ground powder with a hydraulic press and a dye at 75 and 350 MPa, respectively, The resulting anodes were termed pressed anode at low pressure (PALP) and pressed anode at high pressure (PAHP) . The authors stated that the PALP anode showed a dull surface and could soak more electrolyte than the PAHP anode and Mg foil, which both had a shiny surface.…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical behavior of cells using a) a pressed anode prepared at low pressure with diglyme and an ionic liquid (DEGIL) as electrolyte solvent; b) a pressed anode prepared at high pressure; c) magnesium foil, diglyme and tetraglyme (DEGTEG) as solvent and a cathode material containing 50 wt% elemental sulfur, 0.1 C; and d) Bode and e) Nyquist plots for symmetrical magnesium cells with Mg foil, a PAHP anode and a PALP anode . Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, ECS Transactions.…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Wang

Buchmeiser

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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abundant metal on earth. [19] In view of these merits and the high abundance of sulfur, increasing interest has been raised on post Li-S battery systems, including magnesium-selenium batteries, Mg-S batteries, which display higher energy density, low costs and improved safety in comparison to Li-S batteries. [11,[20][21][22][23] Despite the advantages of Mg-S batteries, major issues in this field are related to the severe overcharge behavior and low sulfur utilization of the cathode during charging and discharging in general, the formation of magnesium polysulfides and the slow diffusion of Mg 2+ , which all result in poor electrochemical behavior. [17,22,24,25] Substantial efforts have been made to improve cell performance so far, including the modification of cathode materials, anodes and separators, [25] the synthesis of novel electrolyte systems, [24,26] which all to some extent can improve the cell behavior. Figure 1d gives a timeline of all the novel findings in the area of Mg-S batteries in each year. Figure 1b demonstrates an overview of the topics addressed in the published research articles in Mg-S batteries. According to this survey, the research community developed a strong preference for investigating novel electrolyte systems, modifying sulfur cathode materials and carrying out mechanistic studies. By contrast, only few research groups devoted their work to the other components of a Mg-S battery, such as the anode and the separator. Major improvements related to the latter two will also be thoroughly discussed in the following sections.Several reviews already discussed the developments in Mg batteries based on intercalation cathode materials. [1,15,[27][28][29][30] By contrast, accounts on Mg batteries containing a sulfur-based conversion cathode, which benefits from high theoretical energy density, a reasonable potential difference with Mg, nontoxicity and high earth abundance [11,31,32] are rare. This review solely refers to Mg-S batteries that use sulfur-based conversion cathodes.The purposes of this review are to summarize and highlight the most up-to-date and novel findings for Mg-S batteries, addressing sulfur-based conversion cathodes and Mg anode materials, separator modifications as well as various electrolyte systems. Furthermore, since the research on Mg-S batteries is still at an initial stage, some challenges, including the capacity decay mechanism, a lack of suitable electrolyte systems and the passivation of the Mg anode, which so far impedes any superior electrochemical performance in Mg-S batteries, will also be addressed. In addition, we also listed and discussed some possible future prospects for high energy Mg-S batteries. Finally, the currently reported Mg-S systems have been summarized in a table for easy comparison.This review on rechargeable Mg-S batteries is arranged in the following sequences. In the first section, currently applied anode materials (various forms of Mg anodes) and prospective anodes are discussed. Next, various sulfur-based conversion cathodes, which mainly...

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Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Wang

Buchmeiser

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Theoretical versus Practical Energy: A Plea for More Transparency in the Energy Calculation of Different Rechargeable Battery Systems

Betz

Bieker

Meister

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

336

230

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Recent Advances in Rechargeable Magnesium‐Based Batteries for High‐Efficiency Energy Storage

Guo

Zhao

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

175

106

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of lithium resources in the earth's crust (0.0022 wt%). [9] Therefore, it is critical to develop new battery systems. [10] Multivalent-ion batteries can in principle provide higher energy density than monovalent LIBs, which could overcome the aforementioned problems by employing a non-Li metallic anode. [11][12][13] Among various candidates, rechargeable magnesium batteries have many advantages over LIBs, such as abundant Mg resources, small ionic radius (0.72 Å) and high theoretical volumetric capacity (3833 mAh cm −3 ) (Figure 1a). Particularly, RMBs are inherently safer than LIBs because metallic Mg anodes are dendrite-free upon cycling. [14][15][16][17] In addition, Mg also possesses higher oxidative stability than lithium. [18] The configurations and working mechanisms of RMBs are similar to those of LIBs (Figure 1b,c). However, the current research on RMBs still faces many challenges. Particularly, metallic Mg anodes have a strong tendency to form an insulated and passivating surface layer, which kinetically blocks electrochemical reactions at room temperature. [19][20][21] Such passivating layers engender difficulty for choosing compatible electrodes and electrolytes. [22,23] In addition, many RMBs electrolytes are air-sensitive, highly corrosive and flammable, [24,25] which poses a threat to their practical applications. Additionally, it is challenging to quest for suitable cathode materials with the rapid intercalation/ deintercalation of Mg 2+ at room temperature, considering the complex reaction mechanism of Mg-based electrochemistry. Many useful pioneering works have been devoted to developing cathode materials for RMBs (Figure 1d). [26][27][28] The strong electrostatic interaction of Mg 2+ inevitably results in sluggish kinetics, which is kinetically slower than Li + , especially at room temperature. [19] In this review, we summarize recently developed cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries. The anode materials beyond Mg metal are also discussed. Furthermore, we explored other Mg-based energy storage technologies, including Mg-air batteries, Mg-sulfur batteries, and Mg-iodine batteries. This review could also provide basic knowledge and valuable strategies for the advancement of high-energy-density rechargeable magnesium-based batteries. Cathode MaterialsSimilar to LIBs, the working mechanism of RMBs batteries are based on the shuttle of Mg 2+ ions between cathode and anode Benefiting from higher volumetric capacity, environmental friendliness and metallic dendrite-free magnesium (Mg) anodes, rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are of great importance to the development of energy storage technology beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their practical applications are still limited by the absence of suitable electrode materials, the sluggish kinetics of Mg 2+ insertion/extraction and incompatibilities between electrodes and electrolytes. Herein, a systematic and insightful review of recent advances in RMBs, including intercalation-based cathode materials and conversion...

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Magnesium Sulfur Battery with a New Magnesium Powder Anode

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Battery Technology: State of the Art and Key Challenges

Theoretical versus Practical Energy: A Plea for More Transparency in the Energy Calculation of Different Rechargeable Battery Systems

Recent Advances in Rechargeable Magnesium‐Based Batteries for High‐Efficiency Energy Storage

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