“…For example, Nd 1Àx Ca x MnO 3 with 0pxp0:25 show FM semiconducting behavior, and those with x40:80 exhibit antiferromagnetic semiconducting ground state at low temperature, while the samples with 0:30pxp0:80 show a rich variety of phenomena [6]. Furthermore, for the Nd-based manganites doped with univalent alkali metal cations, we reported that Nd 1Àx Na x MnO 3 exhibit the charge ordering transition at 155 and 170 K for x with 0.20 and 0.25, respectively [7][8][9]. Below 130 K, both samples tend to be intrinsically inhomogeneous, i.e, FM metal components and PM insulator domains coexist in these systems.…”