Magnetic and magnetoacoustic testing parameters of the stressed–strained state of carbon steels that were subjected to a cold plastic deformation and annealing

The interrelationships of magnetic and magneto acoustic-emission characteristics of heat-treated steels of various chemical composition

“…The final dimensions of the 20G steel samples were 4x10.2x69 mm, and the 70G steel was 6x9.5x88 mm. The coercive force of all the samples studied after the grinding has changed insignificantly, which indicates the absence of appreciable plastic deformation during grinding [4].…”

Non-destructive monitoring of tensile of mild steel samples by magnetic Barkhausen and ultrasonic methods

“…MAE is associated with the generation of acoustic signals as a result of continuous changes in magnetization and change of magnetostriction in separate areas of the material. The MAE parameters are obtained from the whole volume of material [8,9,[11][12][13]. The third method is ultrasonic.…”

“…The detected MBN signal is obtained from depths less than 0.2 mm below the surface, i.e. MBN is a surface technique [9,[11][12][13]. MAE is associated with the generation of acoustic signals as a result of continuous changes in magnetization and change of magnetostriction in separate areas of the material.…”

“…Many research papers concerning the stress effect on non-destructive testing parameters reveal results due to different materials and microstructure as well as NDT parameters [1-10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 33, 34]. The most used methods for stress (residual and applied stress) and structure evaluation are magnetic [1,2,15,16,22,24,35], magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], magneto acoustic emission (acoustic Barkhausen noise) (MAE) [9,11,12,13,14] and ultrasonic methods [4, 5, 26-29, 30, 31]. The first two methods and effects are due to abrupt movement of magnetic domain walls during the magnetization of samples.…”

“…The first two methods and effects are due to abrupt movement of magnetic domain walls during the magnetization of samples. They are sensible to microstructure (carbon content, grain size etc., chemical composition) and stress state of materials [10,12,14,17,21]. The working principle of MBN is based on Barkhausen noise when a ferromagnetic material is subjected to a varying magnetic field [14,21].…”