Magnetic brain stimulation and brain size: relevance to animal studies

Weissman, Joseph D.; Epstein, Charles M.; Davey, K.R.

doi:10.1016/0168-5597(92)90135-x

Cited by 123 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This concern arises from a study showing that, when the same sized coil is used to stimulate brains of different volumes, TMS-efficacy is reduced in animals whose brain volume is smaller than that of the adult human (Weissman et al, 1992). All but one study examining TMS-evoked parameters in infants and children have used coils of a similar size to those used in adults.…”

Section: Tms In Children -General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children

Garvey

Mall

2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Developmental disabilities (e.g. attention deficit disorder; cerebral palsy) are frequently associated with deviations of the typical pattern of motor skill maturation. Neurophysiologic tools, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which probe motor cortex function, can potentially provide insights into both typical neuromotor maturation and the mechanisms underlying the motor skill deficits in children with developmental disabilities. These insights may set the stage for finding effective interventions for these disorders. We review the literature pertaining to the use of TMS in pediatrics. Most TMS-evoked parameters show age-related changes in typically developing children and some of these are abnormal in a number of childhood-onset neurological disorders. Although no TMS-evoked parameters are diagnostic for any disorder, changes in certain parameters appear to reflect disease burden or may provide a measure of treatment-related improvement. Furthermore, TMS may be especially useful when combined with other neurophysiologic modalities (e.g. fMRI). However, much work remains to be done to determine if TMS-evoked parameters can be used as valid and reliable biomarkers for disease-burden, the natural history of neurological injury and repair, and the efficacy of pharmacological and rehabilitation interventions.

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Section: Tms In Children -General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children

Garvey

Mall

2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…The small volume of neural tissue in these animals has been shown to reduce the intensity of induced electric field obtainable with standard TMS equipment. 6 Smaller TMS coils are usually employed for animal studies. The present study investigates the suitability of such a TMS coil for this purpose and determines if new animal-specific devices are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of mouse brain using high-resolution anatomical models

Crowther

Hadimani

Kanthasamy

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers the possibility of non-invasive treatment of braindisorders in humans. Studies on animals can allow rapid progress of the research including exploring a variety of different treatment conditions. Numerical calculations using animalmodels are needed to help design suitable TMS coils for use in animal experiments, in particular, to estimate the electric field induced in animal brains. In this paper, we have implemented a high-resolution anatomical MRI-derived mouse model consisting of 50 tissuetypes to accurately calculate induced electric field in the mouse brain. Magnetic field measurements have been performed on the surface of the coil and compared with the calculations in order to validate the calculated magnetic and induced electric fields in the brain.Results show how the induced electric field is distributed in a mouse brain and allow investigation of how this could be improved for TMS studies using mice. The findings have important implications in further preclinical development of TMS for treatment of human diseases. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers the possibility of non-invasive treatment of brain disorders in humans. Studies on animals can allow rapid progress of the research including exploring a variety of different treatment conditions. Numerical calculations using animal models are needed to help design suitable TMS coils for use in animal experiments, in particular, to estimate the electric field induced in animal brains. In this paper, we have implemented a high-resolution anatomical MRI-derived mouse model consisting of 50 tissue types to accurately calculate induced electric field in the mouse brain. Magnetic field measurements have been performed on the surface of the coil and compared with the calculations in order to validate the calculated magnetic and induced electric fields in the brain. Results show how the induced electric field is distributed in a mouse brain and allow investigation of how this could be improved for TMS studies using mice. The findings have important implications in further preclinical development of TMS for treatment of human diseases. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…Studies in animals would be desirable and indeed raise questions about the neural elements primarily a¡ected by TMS (Edgley et al 1990;Baker et al 1994). Unfortunately, animal studies of TMS face some methodological limitations (Weissman et al 1992). The peak voltage induced by TMS in the brain is inversely proportional to the head radius, and the stimulation e¤ciency depends on the ratio between the head and coil size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak voltage induced by TMS in the brain is inversely proportional to the head radius, and the stimulation e¤ciency depends on the ratio between the head and coil size. If the head is smaller than the stimulating coil, less magnetic £ux is captured, thus decreasing the e¤ciency of the stimulation (Weissman et al 1992). Therefore, studies on the e¡ects of TMS performed in rodents employing human-sized coils are of limited meaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: studying the brain--behaviour relationship by induction of ‘virtual lesions’

Pascual‐Leone

Bartrés‐Faz²,

Keenan³

1999

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

389

191

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive method of induction of a focal current in the brain and transient modulation of the function of the targeted cortex. Despite limited understanding about focality and mechanisms of action, TMS provides a unique opportunity of studying brain^behaviour relations in normal humans. TMS can enhance the results of other neuroimaging techniques by establishing the causal link between brain activity and task performance, and by exploring functional brain connectivity.

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Magnetic brain stimulation and brain size: relevance to animal studies

Cited by 123 publications

References 27 publications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of mouse brain using high-resolution anatomical models

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: studying the brain--behaviour relationship by induction of ‘virtual lesions’

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