Magnetic Domain Observations by Electron Microscopy

Quantitative Fresnel Lorentz microscopy and the transport of intensity equation

“…Imaging of magnetic domain walls has been one of the main features of the Fresnel mode of Lorentz microscopy in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) since its inception [1]. A number of authors have used this technique to infer the domain wall width from images taken at different values of defocus with good agreement between experiment and theory [2,3].…”

<I>In Situ</I> Lorentz Microscopy Observation of Displaced Chain Walls in Permalloy

“…[10][11][12][13] Lorentz images recorded in Fresnel mode is generally used to determine the magnetic domain walls imaged as black and white lines within a uniform grey background when the TEM is operated at a slightly defocused condition. 14) In order to avoid the loss of original domain structure in a strong magnetic field produced by a conventional objective lens, a switch-off objective lens or a magnetically shielded objective lens is necessary for the observation of magnetic microstructure. The simplest way to study technical magnetization process in TEM is to use a perpendicular magnetic field produced by the objective lens itself.…”

Electron microscopy of the magnetic structure of thin films

“…То, что сдвиг фаз определяется не силой Лоренца, а потоком, было показано экспериментально 13~20 при наблюдении электронных интерференционных картин В электронной микроскопии, так же как и в обычной микроско-пии, для наблюдения чисто фазовых объектов необходимы специальные режимы работы Этим и можно объяснить сравнительно недавнее начало использования просвечивающего микроскопа для наблюдения магнитных структур ТМП 21 -24 . Сейчас же практически все серийные микроскопы приспособлены для проведения таких наблюдений 21 · 24 -39 . 1.…”