Magnetic Field-Induced Macroscopic Alignment of Liquid-Crystalline Lanthanide Complexes

Abstract

We propose a theoretical approach and a numerical method for determining the Frank elastic constants based on the experimental dependence of the effective values of the permittivity components on the magnetic field. The theoretical task was to find the minimum of the free energy and then to solve the inverse problem on finding elastic constants by the least squares root minimizing with experimental data. The proposed approach combines strong and weak models with various pretilt conditions at the boundaries. This model also describes the inhomogeneity of the electric field inside the sample. The proposed method allows to achieve higher accuracy using a small amount of experimental data. This statement is confirmed by the error estimation study, which is also presented in this research. As an experimental sample, we used the gadolinium-based liquid crystal complex, since there are no data on the Frank elastic constants for this complex.

Toward nanomagnetic implementation of energy-based machine learning

“…Consider one example of such an implementation. Energy of liquid crystal interaction with an external electric field has the following form [18]:…”

NIR–UV Responsive Actuator with Graphene Oxide/Microchannel-Induced Liquid Crystal Bilayer Structure for Biomimetic Devices

“…Based on these methods, various actuators capable of programmable or on-demand deformation or even displacement can be fabricated using the same LCN. Typically, the responsive behaviors of LCN actuators are derived from aligning the mesogenic units in a manner of mechanical friction or surface effect or electric/magnetic field, and then fixing the alignment by photocuring . In addition, the responsive behavior of LCN actuators can be programmed by designing the LC alignment or the distribution of photo-cross-linking areas, or by using specially arranged external stimuli .…”