We review some of the properties of the vortex lattice in type II superconductors and the use of muon spin rotation (q to investigate high temperature supereonducting oxides. Asa microscopic probe of the field distribution inside the bulk of materials, IxSR is shown to be a powerfui tool with which to study the magnetic properties of superconductors. We also discuss how understanding the complex phenomenology of the vortex lattice in these materials is necessary in order to correctly determine fundamental parameters of the superconducting state.