Magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles modified with poly(ionic liquids) with multi‐functional groups for enrichment and determination of pyrethroid residues in apples

Abstract

Considering that the determination of pyrethroid residues is of value for the safety of food, a new poly(ionic liquid)‐functionalized magnetic mesoporous nanoparticle was designed and used as an adsorbent in magnetic solid‐phase extraction for the enrichment of eight pyrethroids. The porous structure and large surface area of the mesoporous silica shell endow the adsorbent with abundant binding sites. In contrast to the reported poly(ionic liquids) with only one kind of functional group in the cationic part, the new poly(ionic liquids) with mixed cyano and phenyl groups in cationic part matched the chemical structure of the analytes to improve extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, an effective method was established for the determination of eight pyrethroids in apples. Adsorption equilibrium can be quickly reached in 1 min, greatly decreasing the extraction time. The linearity range was found to be 10–200 ng/g, and the detection limits ranged from 0.24 to 1.99 ng/g. Recoveries of analytes in apple samples ranged from 87.3 to 119.0%, with relative standard deviations varying in the range of 3–21.2% (intraday) and 0.3–15.2% (interday). The results indicate that the proposed method is a good candidate for pyrethroid residues in apple samples.

High‐throughput microscale extraction using ionic liquids and derivatives: A review

“…The analytical procedure when using a magnetic separation is simpler and faster than traditional dispersive μ‐SPE because it does not require filtration and/or centrifugation, and neither does any highly expensive instrumentation. Thus, it only utilizes a high‐magnetic field neodymium magnet that is placed at one side of the extraction container, thus ensuring the separation of the sorbent from the remaining components of the sample/desorption solvent in few seconds [31].…”

Preparation of magnetic mesoporous silica from rice husk for aflatoxin B1 removal: Optimum process and adsorption mechanism

“…This paper focused on MMS from rice husk ash for removal of AFB1 in oil, compared with other similar studies. Furthermore, this magnetic mesoporous material can be applied for removal of mycotoxins (AFB1 [41] and ochratoxin A [21]), toxic metals (Hg [19], Cd 2+ [52], Cu, and Co [53]), dyes (methyl blue [25,26]), pesticides (pyrethroid [54]), pharmaceuticals (minocycline [17]), and other emerging pollutants [40], and may be suitable for drug delivery [55] in the future.…”

Use of 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine as sorbent for the extraction of pyrethroid insecticides from tea infusion

“…To extract target analytes from different samples, dispersive SPE [6], SPME [7, 8], spin‐column micro‐SPE [9], LPME [10, 11] and magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) [12–15] were adopted by researchers. Among these technologies, MSPE is worthy of attention due to its rapid solid‐liquid separation with the help of magnets, high enrichment factors, and low solvent consumption [16].…”