Magnetic Moments and Adiabatic Magnetization of Free Cobalt Clusters

Xu, Xiaoshan; Yin, Shuangye; Moro, Ramiro; Heer, Walt A. de

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.237209

Cited by 176 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Because of the additional K mixing, a second-order perturbation approach is intractable, and one has to resort to numerical diagonalization 37,38 or molecular dynamics simulations. 39 There are suggestions that because of the nascent chaotic character of asymmetric top motion [40][41][42] and/or because of the general action of avoided crossings in the coupled Stark ͑Zeeman͒-rotational level diagram, 12 the statistical Langevin-Debye behavior will be restored. For several asymmetric tops the adiabatic-entry orientation was calculated exactly and found to be close to the Langevin-Debye equation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of dipole molecules and clusters upon adiabatic entry into an external field

Bulthuis

Becker

Moro

et al. 2008

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The induced polarization of a beam of polar clusters or molecules passing through an electric or magnetic field region differs from the textbook Langevin-Debye susceptibility. This distinction, which is important for the interpretation of deflection and focusing experiments, arises because instead of acquiring thermal equilibrium in the field region, the beam ensemble typically enters the field adiabatically, i.e., with a previously fixed distribution of rotational states. We discuss the orientation of rigid symmetric top systems with a body-fixed electric or magnetic dipole moment. The analytical expression for their "adiabatic-entry" orientation is elucidated and compared with exact numerical results for a range of parameters. The differences between the polarization of thermodynamic and "adiabatic-entry" ensembles of prolate and oblate tops, and of symmetric top and linear rotators, are illustrated and identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of dipole molecules and clusters upon adiabatic entry into an external field

Bulthuis

Becker

Moro

et al. 2008

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…1 The clusters are produced in a cryogenic laser vaporization source. 4 A pulsed laser produces a minute cloud of metal vapor in a small, cryogenically cooled chamber ͑20-300 K͒ filled with helium where the clusters are formed and fully thermalize ͑for further details, see Ref. 5͒.…”

Section: A Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size dependent magnetic moments and electric polarizabilities of free Tb, Ho, and Tm clusters

Bowlan

Dijk

Kirilyuk

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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Stern-Gerlach deflection measurements have been performed on rare earth clusters Tb N , Ho N , and Tm N ͑N Յ 40͒ at cryogenic temperatures ͑T Յ 77 K͒. Tb N and Ho N share a common size dependence in their magnetic moments. They both exhibit common "magic number" sizes which show reduced net magnetic moments, similar to previous observations for Gd and Dy clusters. Tm N have smaller magnetic moments that do not differ significantly between cluster sizes. The reduced net magnetic moments are evidence that the atomic moments are canceled by a canted or antiferromagnetic alignment. Electric deflection experiments reveal that Tm N have electric dipole moments and show an enhanced response to an electric field compared to Tb N and Ho N .

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“…It is discussed in detail in many famous test-books [17,18] on electrodynamics. On the other hand, to the best of our knowledge, the movement of magnetic nanoparticles in an external magnetic field has not been considered so far, although this problem arises naturally in the study of the scattering of magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic nanoclusters [11][12][13] in non -uniform external magnetic field. In this paper we postulate the basic set of equations that describe the motion of a free magnetic nanoparticle both in uniform and non-uniform external magnetic field taking into account the conservation of the total momentum of the nanoparticle, which is the sum of the mechanical and the total spin momentum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic nanoparticle motion in external magnetic field

Usov

Liubimov

2015

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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A set of equations describing the motion of a free magnetic nanoparticle in an external magnetic field in a vacuum, or in a medium with negligibly small friction forces is postulated. The conservation of the total particle momentum, i.e. the sum of the mechanical and the total spin momentum of the nanoparticle is taken into account explicitly. It is shown that for the motion of a nanoparticle in uniform magnetic field there are three different modes of precession of the unit magnetization vector and the director that is parallel the particle easy anisotropy axis. These modes differ significantly in the precession frequency. For the high-frequency mode the director points approximately along the external magnetic field, whereas the frequency and the characteristic relaxation time of the precession of the unit magnetization vector are close to the corresponding values for conventional ferromagnetic resonance. On the other hand, for the low-frequency modes the unit magnetization vector and the director are nearly parallel and rotate in unison around the external magnetic field. The characteristic relaxation time for the low-frequency modes is remarkably long. This means that in a rare assembly of magnetic nanoparticles there is a possibility of additional resonant absorption of the energy of alternating magnetic field at a frequency that is much smaller compared to conventional ferromagnetic resonance frequency. The scattering of a beam of magnetic nanoparticles in a vacuum in a non-uniform external magnetic field is also considered taking into account the precession of the unit magnetization vector and director.

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Magnetic Moments and Adiabatic Magnetization of Free Cobalt Clusters

Cited by 176 publications

References 22 publications

Orientation of dipole molecules and clusters upon adiabatic entry into an external field

Orientation of dipole molecules and clusters upon adiabatic entry into an external field

Size dependent magnetic moments and electric polarizabilities of free Tb, Ho, and Tm clusters

Magnetic nanoparticle motion in external magnetic field

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