Size dependent magnetic moments and electric polarizabilities of free Tb, Ho, and Tm clusters

Abstract

Stern-Gerlach deflection measurements have been performed on rare earth clusters Tb N , Ho N , and Tm N ͑N Յ 40͒ at cryogenic temperatures ͑T Յ 77 K͒. Tb N and Ho N share a common size dependence in their magnetic moments. They both exhibit common "magic number" sizes which show reduced net magnetic moments, similar to previous observations for Gd and Dy clusters. Tm N have smaller magnetic moments that do not differ significantly between cluster sizes. The reduced net magnetic moments are evidence that the atomic moments are canceled by a canted or antiferromagnetic alignment. Electric deflection experiments reveal that Tm N have electric dipole moments and show an enhanced response to an electric field compared to Tb N and Ho N .

Intrinsic reduction of the ordered4fmagnetic moments in semiconducting rare-earth nitride thin films: DyN, ErN, and HoN

“…These features are similar to the case for ErN [16] and are qualitatively consistent with low exchange interactions for spins in a relatively strong crystal-field environment which result in similar general features for the other monopnictides [32]. Another possibility, known from Ho metallic films [27,29,[33][34][35], is that thickness dependent effects alter the magnetic structure; however, we attempted to exclude that situation here by studying two HoN films with different thicknesses. Figure 8 shows the dependency of the magnetization of HoN for a 260-and 15-nm-thick film measured by SQUID magnetometry and PNR.…”

Strong permanent magnet gradient deflector for Stern–Gerlach-type experiments on molecular beams

“…The same scheme can be extended to experiments with various clusters of other types that are doped with a magnetic impurity. 14 Likewise, when certain clusters in a size sequence display negligible susceptibilities compared to their near neighbors 15,16 they may be used to track the undeflected beam even with the magnet in place. In other circumstances, the magnet can be moved out of the beam path by a precise mechanical translation stage.…”

Monoxides of small terbium clusters: A density functional theory investigation

“…1,2 Small clusters have been proposed as the good models for understanding their intrinsic properties at a microscopic scale. Up to now, Stern-Gerlach experiments on Pr, 3 Ho, 4 Tm, 4 Tb, [3][4][5] Gd, [5][6][7][8] and Dy clusters 5,[9][10][11] for their magnetic moments, photoionization spectra on Ce and Pr clusters for their ionization potentials (IPs), 12 as well as far-infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy on Tb n + (n = 5-9) clusters for their structures 13 have been already performed. Meanwhile, several theoretical works have been done on Ln n (Ln = Ce, Pr, Gd, Tb) clusters [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] to interpret these measured properties.…”