Magnetic particle hyperthermia—a promising tumour therapy?

Abstract

We present a critical review of the state of the art of magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) as a minimal invasive tumour therapy. Magnetic principles of heating mechanisms are discussed with respect to the optimum choice of nanoparticle properties. In particular, the relation between superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic single domain nanoparticles is clarified in order to choose the appropriate particle size distribution and the role of particle mobility for the relaxation path is discussed. Knowledge of the effect of particle properties for achieving high specific heating power provides necessary guidelines for development of nanoparticles tailored for tumour therapy. Nanoscale heat transfer processes are discussed with respect to the achievable temperature increase in cancer cells. The need to realize a well-controlled temperature distribution in tumour tissue represents the most serious problem of MPH, at present. Visionary concepts of particle administration, in particular by means of antibody targeting, are far from clinical practice, yet. On the basis of current knowledge of treating cancer by thermal damaging, this article elucidates possibilities, prospects, and challenges for establishment of MPH as a standard medical procedure.

Determination of the blocking temperature of magnetic nanoparticles: The good, the bad, and the ugly

“…[2][3][4][5] Particles with sizes in the range [5,100] nm (Ref. 6) present a magnetic behaviour determined by its volume, shape and composition, matrix viscosity, and temperature, among other factors.…”

Hemocompatibility and Biomedical Potential of Poly(Gallic Acid) Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Theranostic Use

“…The frequency and the field strengths (amplitude) of the alternate magnetic field were selected to be appropriate for medical application. The SAR of the MNP and PGA@ MNP samples were calculated from the slopes of the heating rate curves below the clear kinks in the PGA@MNP heating rate curves at 70-80 seconds [39] as seen in Figure 8B. The obtained SAR values of all the dispersions were nearly identical, around 11 W/g magnetite.…”

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

“…However, two unsolved challenging tasks regarding with these techniques are poor diffusion of heat through the tissue along with remaining localized heating of a selected area which consequently leads to challenging control of spatial extent of heating in tissues as well as damaging the healthy tissues. [693] On the other hand, these traditional treatments suffer from limited penetration of heat into deep tissues, which increase the unavoidable heating and damaging of healthy tissues as well. [694] These substantial shortcomings were eliminated by developing MFH which was first introduced by Gilchrist in 1957 to exploit the inherent capabilities of MNPs for shifting the heating source where it exactly should be, inside the tumor tissue, while preserving the healthy tissues as well.…”