“…In addition, while a metal or semiconductor domain can enable optical detection (e.g., via excitonic or LSPR absorption, or photoluminescence), a magnetic module can be utilized for complementary purposes, such as for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical imaging, and magnetic separation (Choi et al, , 2008Jun et al, 2007;Jiang et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2009;Schladt et al, 2010;Bigall et al, 2012;Lim and Majetich, 2013). The existence of bonding heterointerfaces through which dissimilar materials can electronically communicate has clearly been recognized to impact on the magnetic (Xu et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2010a;Umut et al, 2012;Pineider et al, 2013;Kim and Song, 2014;Schick et al, 2014;López-Ortega et al, 2015;Velasco et al, 2015), optical (Levin et al, 2009;Korobchevskaya et al, 2011;Comin et al, 2012), transport (Lee et al, 2010a), magneto-optical Armelles et al, 2013), (electro)catalytic (Yin et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009aWu et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2010b;George et al, 2011aGeorge et al, , 2013Jang et al, 2011b;Lin and Doong, 2011;Chen et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2012), and energy-storing properties of appropriately engineered MHNCs . Examples of MHNCs derived from heterogeneous deposition pathways are collected in Figures 2B-Q.…”