“…In the first 30 min, the system is mainly in the surface diffusion phase, and the adsorption rate is controlled by the internal diffusion step, with a high adsorption rate and strong mass transfer dynamics, and a larger k value represents a faster adsorption rate. 39 In the second 30 min, the surface spots of the activated carbon fiber mat were gradually saturated, the concentration of metal ions in the liquid phase was gradually reduced, the adsorption rate was controlled by the membrane diffusion step together with the internal diffusion step, and the adsorption gradually moved toward the steady-state process. 40 …”