Magnetic resonance imaging of intraocular optic nerve disorders: review article

Abstract

The optic nerve is morphologically classified as a peripheral nerve, but histologically it shares characteristics with the central nerves. Diseases that affect vision and the optic nerve are many and varied: optic neuritis, demyelination (multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disorders), drugs, collagen disease, vasculitis, infection, trauma, vascular abnormalities, tumours, and non-tumoural masses. In this review, we summarise the magnetic resonance imaging findings for various pathological conditions that cause deterioration in visual acuity.

Differences in the involved sites among different types of demyelinating optic neuritis in traditional MRI examination: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…It has been suggested that both water and fat signals should be suppressed. 5 , 64 For MRI magnetic field strength, 1.5T or 3T is recommended. 5 In the acute phase, the optic nerve is enlarged with a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted imaging and has a contrast effect on post-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging.…”

“… 5 , 64 For MRI magnetic field strength, 1.5T or 3T is recommended. 5 In the acute phase, the optic nerve is enlarged with a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted imaging and has a contrast effect on post-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. 5 This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the differences in lesion sites among different DON subtypes during a conventional MRI scan.…”

“… 5 In the acute phase, the optic nerve is enlarged with a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted imaging and has a contrast effect on post-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. 5 This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the differences in lesion sites among different DON subtypes during a conventional MRI scan. We could determine that the anomaly rate was as high as 92% when DON patients underwent an MRI examination in the acute phase, which is consistent with Kupersmith et al.…”

“…Generally, the main findings of optic nerve abnormalities in orbital MRI are characterized by optic nerve enlargement with high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and contrast effect in the optic nerve on post-contrast fat-suppressed T1-weighted images. 5 During an episode of ON, the optic nerve may appear normal or swollen; in chronic cases, the optic nerve becomes atrophic. 6 Specific location and extension of optic nerve lesions in the acute phase of the ON episode may facilitate a subtype diagnosis.…”

Evaluation of optic nerve by histogram analysis on MRI in patients with isolated optic neuritis

“…O ptic neuritis (ON) is characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve which is mainly idiopathic demyelination. Also, many causes including ischemic, metabolic, nutritional, hereditary, toxic, traumatic, paraneoplastic and radiation induced events [1]. Clin-ical presentation of the optic neuritis is mostly visual loss, periocular pain and dyschromatopsia of triple semptoms, and some patients may suffer from visual field defects and swelling or atrophy of the optic nerve [2,3].…”