Magnetic structure of erbium

Magnetic Phases of Sputter Deposited Thin-Film Erbium

“…Unlike the XRD data shown in Fig. 2, the values for the bulk magnetic repeat distance in this temperature range are very consistent across the literature920 with slight differences at the phase transition between the intermediate and the ferromagnetic phases, T c  ~ 18–20 K manifesting as temperature hysteresis – a difference in the critical ordering temperature depending on whether the sample temperature is increasing or decreasing. In bulk, this hysteresis can be 1–2 K, but for clarity of comparison, only the case where no temperature hysteresis was seen is shown in Fig.…”

“…As well as a slight shift on increasing temperature in bulk samples, an increased temperature hysteresis is also a common trait in thin films grown by MBE17. Something similar to the apparent shift to higher temperatures that can be seen in the data for the 200 nm-thick sample has also been observed before in bulk single-crystal Er upon application of a magnetic field in the c -axis direction20.…”

Magnetocaloric effect at the first-order magnetic phase transitions

“…Magnetization studies of Er revealed T N = 82.5 K, T CY = 54 K and T C = 20 K [19]. The magnetic phase H-T diagram of Er was constructed on the basis of neutron diffraction, resistance, magnetoresistance, ultrasound and magnetization measurements [19][20][21][22][23]. According to the magnetization and magnetostriction data, the field-induced magnetic phase transition in Er between T C and T k (which is 68 K) is of the first-order [19].…”

Probing the spiral magnetic phase in 6 nm textured erbium using polarised neutron reflectometry

“…In Er, the crystalline anisotropy results in a complex temperature dependance, with an initial ordering of moments parallel to the c-axis, followed at lower temperatures by a canting out-of the c-plane; this creates a rich magnetic phase diagram [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”