Magnetically Induced Piezoelectric Energy Harvester via Hybrid Kinetic Motion

Abstract

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is a possible breakthrough to reduce the global issue of electronic waste as they can efficiently convert the ambient vibration to the electrical energy without any additional power. This work presents the design and development of a piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of transforming vibration from ambient sources into electricity. It focuses on a magnetically plucked piezoelectric beam as an alternative to the mechanically induced harvesters, as the latter are subjected to wear and tear. A prototype comprising of a 40 mm PZT-5H piezoelectric beam with a permanent magnet mounted at one end of the beam, as well as a series of permanent magnets of same types attached on an eccentric rotor was developed along with a National Instruments® data acquisition device. Mean output voltages of 2.98 V, 1.76 V and 0.34 V were recorded when the eccentric rotors were slowly rotated at 8.4 rad/s with increasing distances of 5 mm, 7.5 mm and 10 mm respectively, between the magnets on the rotor and the beam. These results have proven that voltage could also be generated by magnetically plucking the piezoelectric beam, and by reducing the distance between magnets, the amount of voltage generated will be higher. The outcome of this work signifies the possibility for implementation of energy harvesters that are capable of powering electronic devices from hybrid kinetic motion, with a reduced risk of equipment fatigue.
 ABSTRAK: Penjanaan tenaga melalui piezoelektrik adalah satu penemuan terbesar dalam mengurangkan isu global pengurusan sisa elektronik. Ini kerana ia berupaya mengubah getaran persekitaran kepada tenaga elektrik tanpa sebarang tambahan tenaga. Kajian ini berkenaan reka bentuk dan pembangunan penjana tenaga piezoelektrik yang mampu mengubah getaran persekitaran kepada elektrik. Fokus kajian adalah pada penjanaan tenaga secara magnetik dari bilah piezoelektrik sebagai alternatif kepada penjanaan mekanikal, kerana penjanaan tenaga secara mekanikal berisiko tinggi kepada kerosakan alat dalam jangkamasa panjang. Prototaip piezoelektrik PZT-5H yang berukuran 40 mm ini telah dilengkapi magnet kekal pada hujung bilah, serta satu siri magnet kekal jenis sama turut dipasang pada pemutar eksentrik bersama peranti pengambilan data National Instruments®. Secara purata, sebanyak 2.98 V, 1.76 V dan 0.34 V voltan output telah direkodkan ketika pemutar eksentrik berputar perlahan pada 8.4 rad/s dengan jarak tambahan antara magnet pemutar dan bilah piezoelektrik bersamaan 5 mm, 7.5 mm dan 10 mm, masing-masing. Keputusan menunjukkan tenaga dapat dihasilkan dengan cara pemacuan piezoelektrik secara magnetik, dan tenaga yang terhasil akan bertambah dengan pengurangan jarak antara magnet. Hasil kerja menunjukkan tenaga dapat dihasilkan daripada gerakan kinetik hibrid, dengan risiko rendah pada kerosakan alat.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Low-Cost Piezoelectric Micro-Energy Harvesting Systems from Ambient Energy Sources: Current Trends, Issues and Suggestions

“…Now, these sources are not usually advised due to their unreliability and greenhouse effect on the environment. The development of low-cost PMEH with abundant energy sources could be the future of EH microelectronic devices [165]. Researchers are currently working on improving the efficiency and output power of PMEH.…”

Performance of piezoelectric energy harvester with vortex-induced vibration and various bluff bodies

“…Vibration is the embodiment of mechanical energy in an elastic system of some sort continuously changing from mechanical kinetic to potential energy smoothly over and over again. Many conversions of mechanical energy (waste vibration) converted into electrical energy have been done using electromagnetic [8]- [10], piezoelectric [11]- [16], and electrostatic [17]- [20].…”

Maximizing Output Voltage of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester via Beam Deflection Method for Low-Frequency Inputs

“…Batteries are the single largest source of electronic waste on a global scale. These conventional batteries contain hazardous elements that can be lethal to human health and the environment if not disposed of correctly [2].…”

“…Piezoelectric energy harvesters can have high output voltage from vibration as compared to other conversion mechanisms such as electromagnetic and electrostatic energy harvesters [7]. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that PZT-5H can generate a greater voltage than polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), aluminum nitride (AIN), and barium sodium niobate (Ba2NaNb5O15) [2]. Traditionally, the piezoelectric energy harvester is designed as a linear resonator and only works effectively within a narrow bandwidth of frequency.…”