Magnetite@MCM‐41 nanoparticles as support material for Pd‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complex: A magnetically separable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reaction

Abstract

The Magnetite@MCM‐41@NHC@Pd catalyst was obtained with Pd metal bound to the NHC ligand anchored to the surface of Fe3O4@MCM‐41. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy disperse X‐ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of Pd in the Magnetite@MCM‐41@NHC@Pd was measure by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) analysis. The catalytic activity of Magnetite@MCM‐41@NHC@Pd heterogeneous catalyst done on Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of aryl halides with different substituted arylboronic acid derivatives. All coupling reactions afforded excellent yields and up to 408404 Turnover Frequency (TOF) h−1 in the presence of 2 mg of Magnetite@MCM‐41@NHC@Pd catalyst (0.0564 mmol g−1, 0.01127 mmol% Pd) at room temperature in 2‐propanol/H2O (1:2). Moreover, Magnetite@MCM‐41@NHC@Pd catalyst was recover by applying the magnet and reused for another reaction. The catalyst showed excellent structural and chemical stability and reused ten times without a substantial loss in its catalytic performance.

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Porous Silica Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts of C−C Coupling and Cross‐Coupling Reactions

“…A catalyst loaded with similar mixed Pd species has been synthesized by Yaşar et al [63] In the synthesis process, first magnetic Fe 3 O 4 particles were coated with an MCM-41 layer according to the method applied by the Ghorbani-Choghamarani group. [60] The resulting particles were reacted with an Nheterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand anchored to the support via its hydroxy group.…”

“…A catalyst loaded with similar mixed Pd species has been synthesized by Yaşar et al [63] . In the synthesis process, first magnetic Fe 3 O 4 particles were coated with an MCM‐41 layer according to the method applied by the Ghorbani‐Choghamarani group [60] .…”

Palladium immobilized on guanidine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: a highly effective and recoverable catalyst for ultrasound aided Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions

“…7,8 The cross coupling between two different trigonal carbons has been considered a potent synthetic procedure, and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (SMCR) is one among them with aryl halides and aryl boronic acids as the coupling partners to yield the corresponding biphenyls. [9][10][11][12] Biphenyls have wide applications in many fields, such as agrochemicals, 13 pharmaceuticals, 14 natural products, and display industries. 15 SMCR has gained much utility over the last two decades, involving palladium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and iron complexes as catalysts.…”

Chitosan‐Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐palladium composite for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction

“…[4,5] Recently, many research groups have demonstrated the use of various kinds of materials as catalyst support for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, including organic and inorganic compounds such as metal oxides, [6][7][8][9][10] polymers, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] carbon materials, [19,20] and composite materials. [21,22] Among these support materials, natural polymers have attracted much attention due to their availability, nontoxicity, biodegradability, and low cost. Furthermore, natural organic polymers, such as chitosan, cellulose, and agar, consist of many functional groups that could be used to immobilize metal ions.…”