Recent experimental data on the optical conductivity of niobium doped SrTiO3 are interpreted in terms of a gas of large polarons with effective coupling constant α ef f ≈ 2. The theoretical approach takes into account many-body effects, the electron-phonon interaction with multiple LOphonon branches, and the degeneracy and the anisotropy of the Ti t2g conduction band. Based on the Fröhlich interaction, the many-body large-polaron theory provides an interpretation for the essential characteristics, except -interestingly -for the unexpectedly large intensity of a peak at ∼ 130 meV, of the observed optical conductivity spectra of SrTi1−xNbxO3 without any adjustment of material parameters.