At the present state of instrumentation and quantum-mechanical approximations, diamagnetic measurements can supply information on chemical structure which complements the results of other approaches, such as infrared and NMR spectrosc0p.v. General applicability and relatively low cost of equipment are among the advantages of this technique. There is growing interest in the relation to chemical shifs in NMR spectra and in the possibility offered by this technique for testing quantum-chemical approximations.;c=c< + ,c-c, E. Miiller [31 showed this assumption to be incorrect by investigating the temperature-dependence of the diamagnetism of compounds containing double bonds. This problem has been solved by quantum mechanics (cf. Section 11). One of the most important advances in the theory of magnetism was van Vleck's proof 141 of the inadequacy of Langevin's classical theory of molecular diamagnetism, which expresses the susceptibility as the sum of a temperature-dependent "paramagnetic" term, applicable only when the molecule has a permanent magnetic moment, and a general temeprature-independent term, given by Eq. (3), for the diamagnetic susceptibility: ~~ [3] E. Miiller, Z . E1ektroche:n. angew. physik. Chem. 45,593 (1939). [4] J . H . van Vleck: The Theory of Electric and Magnetic Susceptibilities. University Press, Oxford 1932.