“…The next decades will provide an unprecedented view of the interplanetary environment thanks to the combination of in situ and remote sensing observations from recent missions, e.g. Parker Solar Probe (Fox et al, 2016), Solar Orbiter (Müller et al, 2013), BepiColombo (Benkhoff et al, 2010), and (possible) future ones, e.g., Polarimeter to UNify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH;DeForest et al, 2022), Seven Sister (Nykyri et al, 2022), HelioSwarm (Klein et al, 2019;Matthaeus et al, 2019), Magnetic Topology Reconstruction Explorer (MagneToRE; Maruca et al, 2021), Interplanetary Mesoscale Observatory (InterMeso; Allen et al, 2022), Solar-Terrestrial Observer for the Response of the Magnetosphere (STORM; Sibeck et al, 2018). These missions have the capability to resolve transverse gradients, spatial scales, and temporal dynamics of the solar wind as well as provide new wealth of data for the characterization of "uncertainties" in combination with spacecrafts such as Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm (THEMIS Burch and Angelopoulos, 2009), Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS; Burch et al, 2016;Fuselier et al, 2016), Cluster (Escoubet et al, 2001) and possibly Magnetospheric Constellation (MagCon; Kepko et al, 2022) that orbit closer to the magnetopause.…”