“…There have been many controllers proposed for MR fluid devices that can be categorized into three approaches: classic, advanced, and hybrid controllers. The classic control strategies such as sky-hook controller (Kwak et al, 2014; Seong et al, 2011; Talib et al, 2021) and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller (Erol et al, 2012; Kavyashree et al, 2022; Oh et al, 2014) can provide favorable output performance, but is short of robustness under exterior disturbance sources and parameter uncertainties. In spite of this shortcoming, the classic methods are commonly adopted in semi-active control systems featuring MR fluid due to their simplicity and low computational cost.…”