This paper presents a new approach for intelligent fuzzy logic (IFL) controller tuning via firefly algorithm (FA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for a semi-active (SA) suspension system using a magneto-rheological (MR) damper. The SA suspension system's mathematical model is established based on quarter vehicles. The MR damper is used to change a conventional damper system to an intelligent damper. It contains a magnetic polarizable particle suspended in a liquid form. The Bouc-Wen model of a MR damper is used to determine the required damping force based on forcedisplacement and force-velocity characteristics. The performance of the IFL controller optimized by FA and PSO is investigated for control of a MR damper system. The gain scaling of the IFL controller is optimized using FA and PSO techniques in order to achieve the lowest mean square error (MSE) of the system response. The performance of the proposed controllers is then compared with an uncontrolled system in terms of body displacement, body acceleration, suspension deflection, and tire deflection. Two bump disturbance signals and sinusoidal signals are implemented into the system. The simulation results demonstrate that the PSO-tuned IFL exhibits an improvement in ride comfort and has the smallest MSE for acceleration analysis. In addition, the FA-tuned IFL has been proven better than IFL-PSO and uncontrolled systems for both road profile conditions in terms of displacement analysis.

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The design of a scaffold of bone tissue engineering plays an important role in ensuring cell viability and cell growth. Therefore, it is a necessity to produce an ideal scaffold by predicting and simulating the properties of the scaffold. Hence, the computational method should be adopted since it has a huge potential to be used in the implementation of the scaffold of bone tissue engineering. To explore the field of computational method in the area of bone tissue engineering, this paper provides an overview of the usage of a computational method in designing a unit cell of bone tissue engineering scaffold. In order to design a unit cell of the scaffold, we discussed two categories of unit cells that can be used to design a feasible scaffold, which are non-parametric and parametric designs. These designs were later described and being categorised into multiple types according to their characteristics, such as circular structures and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures. The advantages and disadvantages of these designs were discussed. Moreover, this paper also represents some software that was used in simulating and designing the bone tissue scaffold. The challenges and future work recommendations had also been included in this paper.