Magnetostratigraphy of the Patagonian moraine sequence at Lago Buenos Aires

Geomorphological evidence for variations of the North Patagonian Icefield during the Holocene

“…There are no documented west side equivalents of these moraines. The age of these landforms is uncertain, but since they lie within the established Last Glacial Maximum limits of the North Patagonian Icefield (Morner and Sylwan, 1989;Wenzens, 1999;Strelin and Malagnino, 2000), we speculate that they may represent an early Holocene or Late-glacial phase of glacier expansion.…”

“…Three moraine sets are recognised, defined by their relative size, morphology and distance from the contemporary icefield. All three moraine sets are located within the established Last Glacial Maximum limits of the North Patagonian Icefield (Morner and Sylwan, 1989;Wenzens, 1999;Strelin and Malagnino, 2000;Kaplan et al, 2004) (Fig. 1A).…”

Structural, tectonic and glaciological controls on the evolution of fjord landscapes

“…In accordance with the stages of the last Weichselian Glaciation in northern Europe, Caldenius named the three moraine limits the "Daniglacial", the "Gotiglacial" and the "Finiglacial". Later, the Finiglacial moraines were correlated to the last glaciation maximum (LGM) and the Daniglacial and the Gotiglacial moraine systems to the middle Pleistocene (Mörner and Sylwan, 1989). The fourth (outermost) moraine system, termed the "Initioglacial" by Caldenius (1932), is still poorly constrained in age, but is thought to be between 1.1 Ma and 2.3 Ma in age (Mörner and Sylwan, 1989).…”

“…Later, the Finiglacial moraines were correlated to the last glaciation maximum (LGM) and the Daniglacial and the Gotiglacial moraine systems to the middle Pleistocene (Mörner and Sylwan, 1989). The fourth (outermost) moraine system, termed the "Initioglacial" by Caldenius (1932), is still poorly constrained in age, but is thought to be between 1.1 Ma and 2.3 Ma in age (Mörner and Sylwan, 1989). Other major contributions to the glacial chronology of South America include those of Singer et al (2004), Kaplan et al (2008) and Rabassa et al (2005).…”

Terminal Moraines, Outwash Plains, and Lake Terraces in the Vicinity of Lago Cardiel (49°S; Patagonia, Argentina)—Evidence for Miocene Andean Foreland Glaciations

“…According to Caldenius, the maximum extent of the Patagonian ice cap is represented by the Initioglacial ice margin. More than 50 years later, Mörner and Sylwan (1989) subdivided the Initioglacial moraine complex east of Lago Buenos Aires into two phases and measured the paleomagmatism of the proglacial sediments. The reversed polarity of both Initioglacial deposits indicates that these glaciations occurred during the Matuyama epoch, which means between 0.78 and 2.58 Ma.…”