Magnetron sputtered ZnO electron transporting layers for high performance perovskite solar cells

Abstract

An ideal electron transporting layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires resonable energy levels, high electrical conductivity and excellent charge extraction. The low processing temperature makes ZnO a promising...

Advances in SnO2-based perovskite solar cells: from preparation to photovoltaic applications

“…Owing to intrinsic defects such as Sn interstitials or O vacancies, there is serious charge recombination and contact resistance at the interface between SnO 2 ETL and perovskite, resulting in a low charge transportation rate. [200][201][202][203] To suppress the traps on the SnO 2 lm as well as for better energy-level alignment, the researchers demonstrated several halides and metal ions as dopants to improve the conductivity properties of ETL including the halogen ions (Cl À 2).…”

Morphological evolution driven semiconducting nanostructures for emerging solar, biological and nanogenerator applications

“…209 The performance of the solar cell have been also achieved by passivation of SnO 2 -pervoskite interface to suppress defects such as Sn interstitials, O vacancies, film cracking which would degrade device performance. [210][211] Various strategies such as doping with metals and halogens which also improves the energy level alignment [212][213][214] , bilayer ETLs using various oxides [215][216][217] , interface modification with ammonium salts [218][219] , and quantum dots 220 28 better stability and lower degradation of PCE over time (Figure 11b). 224 Because of its low temperature processability and stability, SnO 2 has sparked a lot of interest as ETL for flexible perovskite solar cell.…”

Atomic Layer Engineering of Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Films for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Over the last decade, photovoltaic technology has witnessed a rapid development of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) as semiconducting ETL can be easily formed as a dense thin film layer through spin-coating of sol-gel or nanocrystals solution, chemical bath deposition, and magnetron sputtering. [27][28][29] However, regardless of the thin film formation method, the basic nature of ZnO was found to trigger the decomposition of the as-deposited MAPbI 3 layer during thermal treatment. [30][31][32][33][34] It has been proven that the deprotonation of the methylammonium cation and the formation of zinc hydroxide accelerate the perovskite decomposition.…”