Magnification through competition of genetic differences in yield capacity in carp

Moav, Rom; Wohlfarth, Giora W.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1974.86

Cited by 78 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, social interactions can affect feed intake and growth rate in domestic pigs [2,3], lead to mortality due to cannibalism in laying hens [4], result in aggression and tail biting if mixing is carried out in pigs [5], increase competition in fish [6], affect growth rate and disease traits in forestry [7-9], and result in bite marks in mink [10-13]. Because social interactions may have a heritable component, selection acting on these interactions may affect significantly response to artificial selection [14-17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect genetic effects contribute substantially to heritable variation in aggression-related traits in group-housed mink (Neovison vison)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSince the recommendations on group housing of mink (Neovison vison) were adopted by the Council of Europe in 1999, it has become common in mink production in Europe. Group housing is advantageous from a production perspective, but can lead to aggression between animals and thus raises a welfare issue. Bite marks on the animals are an indicator of this aggressive behaviour and thus selection against frequency of bite marks should reduce aggression and improve animal welfare. Bite marks on one individual reflect the aggression of its group members, which means that the number of bite marks carried by one individual depends on the behaviour of other individuals and that it may have a genetic basis. Thus, for a successful breeding strategy it could be crucial to consider both direct (DGE) and indirect (IGE) genetic effects on this trait. However, to date no study has investigated the genetic basis of bite marks in mink.Result and discussionA model that included DGE and IGE fitted the data significantly better than a model with DGE only, and IGE contributed a substantial proportion of the heritable variation available for response to selection. In the model with IGE, the total heritable variation expressed as the proportion of phenotypic variance (T2) was six times greater than classical heritability (h2). For instance, for total bite marks, T2 was equal to 0.61, while h2 was equal to 0.10. The genetic correlation between direct and indirect effects ranged from 0.55 for neck bite marks to 0.99 for tail bite marks. This positive correlation suggests that mink have a tendency to fight in a reciprocal way (giving and receiving bites) and thus, a genotype that confers a tendency to bite other individuals can also cause its bearer to receive more bites.ConclusionBoth direct and indirect genetic effects contribute to variation in number of bite marks in group-housed mink. Thus, a genetic selection design that includes both direct genetic and indirect genetic effects could reduce the frequency of bite marks and probably aggression behaviour in group-housed mink.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect genetic effects contribute substantially to heritable variation in aggression-related traits in group-housed mink (Neovison vison)

et al. 2014

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“…; 36 Moav et al ; 38 Moav & Wohlfarth ; 39 Moav & Wohlfarth ; 40 Moav & Wohlfarth ; 41 Price & Clayton ; 42 Steffens ; 43 Wohlfarth et al . ; 44 Wohlfarth et al .…”

Section: The Gxe Studies Published During 1964–2013unclassified

A review of genotype‐by‐environment interaction and micro‐environmental sensitivity in aquaculture species

Sae-Lim

Gjerde

Nielsen

et al. 2015

Reviews in Aquaculture

103

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Generating breeding programmes that effectively improve farmed fish performance across multiple environments and make fish more uniform within production environments would aid farmers to produce food under diverse environments. We review genotype-by-environment interaction leading to re-ranking of genotypes across environments, that is non-unity genetic correlation between traits measured in different environments, and micro-environmental sensitivity leading to a change in environmental variance of a trait. A quantitative review across 38 species showed that (i) genotype-by-environment interaction studies are lacking for many economically important traits. (ii) Re-ranking is moderate for growth (average genetic correlation = 0.72) and survival (average genetic correlation = 0.54). Significant re-ranking is of concern because selection in a nucleus leads to lower genetic responses in commercial environments compared to a case when re-ranking does not exist. (iii) Re-ranking is weak for age-at-sexual-maturity and fish appearance (average genetic correlation = 0.86), implying that genetic improvement in one environment is expected to be effective in the other environments. Future research should provide guidelines for how to account for genotype-by-environment interaction when collecting data, estimating breeding values and optimising the structure of the breeding programme. (iv) Coefficient of genetic variation for sensitivity against unknown micro-environmental factors within a single environment for body weight is high. Hence, genetic improvement towards less sensitive fish, resulting in more uniform production, is possible, but a large number of relatives with phenotypes is needed for obtaining moderate accuracy of selection. This review elucidates needs for further research on genotype-by-environment interaction and micro-environmental sensitivity in economically important traits and species.

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“…Hulata, Moav and Wohlfarth (1974, 1976) found that small differences in initial weight due to environment (age) can result in magnified differences in later growth. The size grading we performed very early was done to reduce the self‐amplifying phenotypic variance in growth that can be caused by size‐dependent competition among fish (Wohlfarth & Moav 1970; Moav & Wohlfarth 1974; Doyle & Talbot 1986; Ruzzante 1993). Fish close to the modal size were randomly chosen from each family and were used in the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth response of Nile tilapia fry to salinity stress in the presence of an 'internal reference' fish

2005

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Growth of three strains of Oreochromis niloticus L. fry exposed to salinity stress in the presence of an internal reference fish were compared. The Central Luzon State University (CLSU) strain was obtained from the Freshwater Aquaculture Center, CLSU, Philippines. The ISRAEL strain was acquired from the Philippine government's Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources National Freshwater Fisheries Technology Center (BFAR‐NFFTC), Munoz, Nueva Ecija. The National Inland Fisheries Institute (NIFI) strain was obtained from the NIFI, Bangkok, Thailand. Eight to nine full‐sib families (replicates) per strain were split into two groups. One group was grown in freshwater for 2 weeks, acclimated to 32 ppt and reared for 2 weeks and finally grown in freshwater for another 2 weeks. Another group was contemporaneously grown in freshwater polyethylene tanks for 6 weeks. Each replicate family included a size‐matched internal reference population of red tilapia strain. Two‐way analysis of variance (anova) revealed no significant strain differences (P=0.081; r2=0.106). However, analysis of covariance with the internal reference strain used as a covariate showed significant (P=0.049; r2=0.638) strain effects on specific growth (based on standard length measurements). The ISRAEL strain showed consistently better growth rate in both saline and freshwater environments than the NIFI and CLSU strains. We estimated the statistical power of the two‐way anova (ϕ=√(k′−1)(factor MS−s2)/(k′s2); Zar 1984) to be ∼0.30. There was a 70% probability of a Type II error and no true difference in the growth of the three strains was detected. The use of internal reference strain as a covariate improved the r2 from 0.106 to 0.638 and increased the efficiency of the test in detecting a true difference. Other strain comparison studies in our laboratory at the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department showed that the ISRAEL strain shows better growth than the NIFI and CLSU strains in a crowding stress tolerance experiment, when fed only with rice bran and under restrictive feeding regimes.

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Magnification through competition of genetic differences in yield capacity in carp

Cited by 78 publications

References 29 publications

Indirect genetic effects contribute substantially to heritable variation in aggression-related traits in group-housed mink (Neovison vison)

Indirect genetic effects contribute substantially to heritable variation in aggression-related traits in group-housed mink (Neovison vison)

A review of genotype‐by‐environment interaction and micro‐environmental sensitivity in aquaculture species

Growth response of Nile tilapia fry to salinity stress in the presence of an 'internal reference' fish

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