Magnitude and Determinants of Antenatal Care Utilization in Kandahar City, Afghanistan

Stanikzai, Muhammad Haroon; Wafa, Mohammad Hashim; Wasiq, Abdul Wahed; Sayam, Hadia

doi:10.1155/2021/5201682

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The frequency of antenatal care visit was high in urban dwellers than rural residents. The finding is in line with previous researches [ 55 , 56 , 64 , 80 ]. Urban residence reduces distance to get services [ 81 – 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this study 74.38% of women attend antenatal care at least once during their current pregnancy. The finding is consistent with researches in Afghanistan (69.3%) [ 64 ], Southern Ethiopia (76.2%) [ 40 ], Zambia (69%) [ 65 ], Nepal (76.0%) [ 66 ]. The finding is higher than the study in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia (37.7%) [ 62 ], Nigeria (65.1%) [ 67 ], Eastern Ethiopia (53.6%) [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The odds of not attending antenatal care service were reduced when educational status is increased. The finding was supported by previous researches in Western Ethiopia [ 62 ], Ethiopia [ 56 ], rural Ethiopia [ 51 ], Kenya [ 90 ], Guinea [ 55 , 91 ], Afghanistan [ 64 ], Angola [ 54 ], East African countries [ 60 ], India [ 92 , 93 ], Ghana [ 94 ], Nepal [ 95 ], Nigeria [ 96 ]. Educated women might empowered to get services [ 97 – 102 ], education make women to have decision making [ 103 , 104 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

et al. 2022

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Background The frequency of antenatal care utilization enhances the effectiveness of the maternal health programs to maternal and child health. The aim of the study was to determine the number of antenatal care and associated factors in Ethiopia by using 2019 intermediate EDHS. Methods Secondary data analysis was done on 2019 intermediate EDHS. A total of 3916.6 weighted pregnant women were included in the analysis. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis was done by Stata version 14.0. Incident rate ratio and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to show the strength and direction of the association. Result About one thousand six hundred eighty eight (43.11%) women were attending four and more antenatal care during current pregnancy. Attending primary education (IRR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.061, 1.172), secondary education (IRR = 1.211, 95% CI: 1.131, 1.297) and higher education (IRR = 1.274, 95% CI: 1.177, 1.378), reside in poorer household wealth index (IRR = 1.074, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.152), middle household wealth index (IRR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.018, 1.178), rich household wealth index (IRR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.212) and richer household wealth index (IRR = 1.186, 95% CI: 1.089, 1.29) increases the number of antenatal care utilization. The frequency of antenatal care was less likely become zero among women attending primary (AOR = 0.434, 95% CI: 0.346, 0.545), secondary (AOR = 0.113, 95% CI: 0.053, 0.24), higher educational level (AOR = 0.052, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.367) in the inflated part. Conclusion The number of antenatal care utilization is low in Ethiopia. Being rural, poorest household index, uneducated and single were factors associated with low number of antenatal care and not attending antenatal care at all. Improving educational coverage and wealth status of women is important to increase the coverage and frequency of antenatal care.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

et al. 2022

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“…Several studies in Afghanistan have examined utilization of maternal healthcare and the associated in uential factors in recent years (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Of these, one study found that sociodemographic and cultural (woman's role in making the decision to seek PNC service) factors were associated with the utilization of PNC visits (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the probability of non-institutional deliveries was greater in women with no ANC visit compared to women with at least 4 ANC visits (16). Four studies from Afghanistan examined the effects of sociodemographic and cultural factors on the utilization of ANC services (17,(19)(20)(21). Among the four studies, one reported that women's education, women's intention for pregnancy, and place of residence were in uential on the use of ANC services (at least 4 visits) (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness predicting healthcare seeking behaviour for antenatal, postnatal care, and institutional delivery services. Findings from a National Survey in Afghanistan

Tawfiq

Azimi

Feroz³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The importance of healthcare seeking for women’s health is well documented. However, less is known how women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness affects healthcare seeking behaviour. This study examined the associations of women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness with healthcare seeking behaviour for maternal health services. Methods Data were used from the Afghanistan Health Survey 2018. Women’s knowledge in terms of knowing danger signs or symptoms related to maternal health was assessed. The signs or symptoms a woman was expected to name were bleeding, swelling of the body, headache, fever, or any other danger sign or symptom (e.g., high blood pressure). A categorical variable on knowledge was created. The outcome variables were defined as ≥ 4 ANC vs. 0–3 ANC; ≥ 4 PNC vs. 0–3 PNC visits; institutional vs. non-institutional deliveries. A multivariate regression model was applied. Results Data were used from 9,190 ever-married women, aged 13–49 years, who gave birth in the past two years. It was found that only 22% and 2% of women sought healthcare for ≥ 4 ANC, ≥ 4 PNC visits, respectively. Fifty six percent of women had institutional deliveries. Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratios (ORs) for ANC visits were 1.76(95%CI;1.53–2.04), 2.25(95%CI;1.97–2.58), and 2.81 (95%CI:2.35–3.35) in women who knew 1, 2, and 3–5 signs or symptoms, respectively, compared to women who knew none. The ORs for PNC visits were 1.81(95%CI:1.12–2.93), 2.22(95%CI:1.42–3.48), and 3.37(95%CI:2.02–5.62) in women who knew 1, 2, and 3–5 signs or symptoms, respectively, compared to women who knew none. The ORs for institutional deliveries were 1.38(95%CI:1.22–1.56), 1.80(95%CI:1.59–2.04), and 1.97(95%CI:1.64–2.37) in women who knew 1, 2, and 3–5 signs or symptoms, respectively, compared to women who knew none. It was found that in women who did not use at least 4 ANC, 4 PNC visits, or institutional deliveries, 27%, 33%, and 23% of them, respectively, said that it was unnecessary to seek healthcare. Main perceived barriers mentioned, were distance to clinics, financial constraints, and lack of female staff. Conclusion Health interventions are needed to promote women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness, and to address perceived barriers in accessing maternal health services.

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Individual and community-level determinants of quality antenatal care in six South Asian countries

Methun,

Ahinkorah,

Hassan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Maternal health is a global public health concern. The paucity of antenatal care (ANC) during pregnancy is directly associated with maternal mortality. This study assessed the individual and community-level determinants of quality ANC in six South-Asian countries. Data were obtained from a Demographic health survey of six South-Asian countries. This study included a sample of 180,567 (weighted) women aged 15–49 who had given birth in the preceding three years prior to the survey. The quality of ANC was determined by assessing whether a woman had received blood pressure monitoring, urine and blood sample screening, and iron supplements at any ANC visits. Frequency, percentage distribution, and inferential analysis (multilevel mixed-effects model) were conducted. The proportion of quality antenatal care utilization in South Asia was 66.9%. The multilevel analysis showed that women aged 35–49 years (AOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.09–1.24), higher education (AOR = 2.84; 95% CI = 2.69–2.99), middle wealth status (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.49–1.62), richest wealth status (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI = 3.04–3.39), unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.89–0.95) and 2–4 birth order (AOR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.83–0.89) were among the individual-level factors that were significantly associated with quality ANC utilization. In addition, rural residence (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.74–0.8), and big problem – distance to health facility (AOR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.53–0.76) were the among community level factors there were also significantly associated with use of quality ANC. Meanwhile, women who lived in India (AOR: 22.57; 95% CI: 20.32–25.08) and Maldives (AOR: 33.33; 95% CI: 31.06–35.76) had higher odds of quality ANC than those lived in Afghanistan. Educational status, wealth status, pregnancy wantedness, sex of household head, birth order, place of residence, and distance to health facility were associated with quality ANC. Improving educational status, improving wealth status, reducing the distance to health facilities, and providing rural area-friendly interventions are important to increase the quality of ANC in South Asia.

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Magnitude and Determinants of Antenatal Care Utilization in Kandahar City, Afghanistan

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

Women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness predicting healthcare seeking behaviour for antenatal, postnatal care, and institutional delivery services. Findings from a National Survey in Afghanistan

Individual and community-level determinants of quality antenatal care in six South Asian countries

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