Magnitude and Factors Associated with Precervical Cancer among Screened Women in Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Cervical cancer is one of the major noncommunicable public health problems among the female population affecting not only the women but also the whole community. Annually, more than half a million new patients are diagnosed with it and over 270,000 deaths occur worldwide. There are very few research efforts conducted on prevalence and associated factors of specific target group in the region. So, this study tries to show the magnitude on all women screened for precervical cancer and serves as a secondary data for other research. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess magnitude of precervical cancer and associated factors among screened women in Arba Minch town and zuria woreda health institutions, southern Ethiopia. Methods. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in three health facilities at Arba Minch town and zuria woreda, southern Ethiopia, from June 2015 to June 2017. Data were collected by two nurses that are working in the area of expertise and one health officer as supervisor. Data of 528 screened clients were entered into Epi data version 3.1 using checklist, double data entry verification done and exported to SPSS version 20.0. After cleaning the data, descriptive analysis was done and multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify predictors of precervical cancer. Finally, statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Result. In this study, the magnitude of precervical cancer is 27.7% [95%CI] (24.1-31.4)]. Having primary educational status (AOR [95% CI]) = 0.2 [0.1, 0.96)] and secondary educational status (AOR[95% CI]) = 0.1 [0.02,0.3]), having history of smoking [AOR (95% CI) = 3.7 (1.4-9.9)], having two and more than two life time sexual partners [AOR (95% CI) = 2.2 (1.1-4.7)], having age at first sexual intercourse less than eighteen years [AOR (95% CI) = 6.6 (3.14-13.0)] were significantly associated with precervical cancer. Conclusion and Recommendation. The magnitude of precervical cancer is 27.7% as shown in the result of the present study. Level of education, age at first sexual intercourse, history of smoking, and number of sexual partners were predictors of precervical cancer in this study. Thus, any cervical cancer prevention and control effort at the study area should address those predictors pointed out in the present study and should encourage to screen for precervical cancer.

Precancerous lesions of the cervix and its determinants among Ethiopian women: Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The minimum prevalence of precancerous lesions of the cervix was 6.7% as reported in a study conducted in Tigray region [ 14 ]. The highest, 27.7% was observed in a study conducted in SNNPE [ 20 ]. The I 2 test result showed high heterogeneity (I2, 93.2%, p = <0.001).…”

“…All the included studies were published between 2013 and 2019. We included both cross-sectional and case-control studies using an estimated sample size range from 284 [ 17 ] up to 528 [ 20 ]. About 5,108 women aged from 18–85 years were included to estimate the pooled prevalence of precancerous lesions of the cervix and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia Table 1 .…”

“…A meta-analysis of six studies [ 10 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 20 , 23 ] was conducted to determine the association between having multiple sexual partners and the occurrence of the precancerous lesions of the cervix. The result of the test statistics indicated the presence of severe heterogeneity (I 2 = 83.6% and p<0.0001).…”

Cervical diseases in pregnant women. Socio-demographic and clinical-anamnestic risk factors

“…В 2016 г. D. López-Hernández et al отметили прямую связь с числом половых партнеров (ОШ = 1,1; 95% ДИ: 1,02-1,15) [6]. Также исследователи отмечают такие факторы риска, как курение (ОШ = 3,7; 95% ДИ: 1,4-9,9), наличие двух и более половых партнеров на протяжении жизни (ОШ = 2,2; 95% ДИ: 1,1-4,7), возраст первого полового акта менее 18 лет (ОШ = 6,6; 95% ДИ: 3,14-13,0) [13], что в целом совпадает с полученными нами результатами.…”

Knowledge towards Cervical Cancer Screening and Associated Factors among Urban Health Extension Workers at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…In Ethiopia, different studies done among women indicated that factors associated with knowledge towards cervical cancer screening evidenced such as educational status, occupational status, marital status, monthly household income, used modern contraceptive, multiple sexual partners, and sexually transmitted disease. Besides, women didn't know the screening method and largely indicated a lack of knowledge towards the persistence of cervical cancer screening and negative perception towards cervical cancer screening [11,12,14,15]. However, little is known about knowledge towards cervical cancer screening of urban health extension workers in Ethiopia.…”