Magnitude da desnutrição infantil no Estado do Amazonas/AM - Brasil

Alencar, Fernando Hélio; Yuyama, Lúcia Kiyoko Ozaki; Rodrigues, Eliana Figueiredo; Esteves, Arinete Verás Fontes; Mendonça, Margareth Maria de Barros; Silva, Wládia de Albuquerque

doi:10.1590/s0044-59672008000400013

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Ribeirinhos are a marginalized group of river‐dwelling, Portuguese‐speaking, non‐indigenous, traditional people, of mixed (indigenous Amazonian/European/African) descent. Paradoxically, given the wildlife‐rich and relatively intact environment in which they live (Raudsepp‐Hearne et al, 2010), many ribeirinhos exhibit chronic malnutrition (Alencar et al, 2008; Guerra, Espinosa, Bezerra, Guimarães, & Lima‐Lopes, 2013). They are also highly dependent on wild fish and bushmeat (Dufour, Piperata, Murrieta, Wilson, & Williams, 2016; Murrieta & Dufour, 2004; van Vliet et al, 2015); access to which varies spatially due to overharvesting (Keppeler et al, 2018; Parry & Peres, 2015; Tregidgo, Barlow, Pompeu, Almeida, & Parry, 2017) and seasonally due to floods (Da Silva & Begossi, 2009; Saint‐Paul et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough fishing and severe seasonal food insecurity in Amazonian flooded forests

2020

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1. Billions of people rely on harvesting wildlife for food, and must contend with catch rates that vary in space (e.g. overharvesting near communities) and time (e.g. seasonal migrations). Yet, research has overlooked potential linkages between reduced wildlife catch rates (catch-per-unit-effort) and food security. Moreover, assumptions that people living in biologically rich environments are food secure lack empirical testing. This is problematic given that food security rests on having stable access to sufficient food, rather than there being sufficient food.2. We examine spatiotemporal variation in fish catch rates and perceived food security among rural communities in Amazonian flooded forests. We also assess social inequities in food insecurity. We used structured interviews to collect data on fishing, hunting, chicken and beef consumption, and perceptions of food security.We did so during 556 household visits along a spatial gradient (1,267 km) of commercial fishing pressure, during high-and low-water seasons.3. We provide the first empirical evidence of simultaneous seasonal crashes in wildlife catch rates and food insecurity. During the high-water season, fish catch rates were 73% lower, and the probability of not eating for a whole day was four times higher. With a third of households skipping meals and a sixth not eating for a whole day during this season, food security can be classed as severe. However, less-deprived households tended to avoid severe food insecurity. Fish catch rates and perceived food security did not vary along a spatial gradient of commercial overfishing. River-dwelling Amazonians increased fishing and hunting efforts during the high-water season, without eating more chicken and beef, emphasizing the importance of stable access to wild fish and bushmeat.4. This study shows how wildlife catch rates and food security can crash seasonally and simultaneously, demonstrating the fallacies of environmental and social policies which assume stability of food availability in resource-rich areas. Our results have implications for degraded habitats where falls in catch rates also occur. This suggests that overharvesting, as with other causes of reduced catch rates, could cause food insecurity in wildlife-reliant populations. | 469People and Nature TREGIDGO ET al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough fishing and severe seasonal food insecurity in Amazonian flooded forests

2020

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“…In this regard, the Northern Region of Brazil possesses much worse indicators related to child malnutrition, for example, than the other regions of the country, and the state of Amazonas is no exception. In recent decades the state has been facing a scenario of food insecurity, as evidenced by the high prevalence of childhood malnutrition, anemia, and hypovitaminosis [ 73 – 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping human vulnerability to climate change in the Brazilian Amazon: The construction of a municipal vulnerability index

et al. 2018

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Vulnerability, understood as the propensity to be adversely affected, has attained importance in the context of climate change by helping to understand what makes populations and territories predisposed to its impacts. Conditions of vulnerability may vary depending on the characteristics of each territory studied—social, environmental, infrastructural, public policies, among others. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate what makes the municipalities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, vulnerable to climate change in the context of the largest tropical forest in the world, and which regions of the State are the most susceptible. A Municipal Vulnerability Index was developed, which was used to associate current socio-environmental characteristics of municipalities with climate change scenarios in order to identify those that may be most affected by climate change. The results showed that poor adaptive capacity and poverty had the most influence on current vulnerability of the municipalities of Amazonas with the most vulnerable areas being the southern, northern, and eastern regions of the state. When current vulnerability was related to future climate change projections, the most vulnerable areas were the northern, northeastern, extreme southern, and southwestern regions. From a socio-environmental and climatic point of view, these regions should be a priority for public policy efforts to reduce their vulnerability and prepare them to cope with the adverse aspects of climate change.

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“…In Brazil, the prevalence of undernutrition was reduced by half during the period 1996–2007 [ 4 ] but, owing to social inequality, the condition remains a public health problem, especially in the northern and north-eastern regions of the country [ 5 , 6 ]. According to a nutritional survey conducted in 2005 in the semiarid region of Brazil, the prevalence of undernutrition (stunting) among children living in the State of Alagoas was greater than in other north-eastern states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidaemia and Undernutrition in Children from Impoverished Areas of Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil

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et al. 2010

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Chronic undernutrition causes reduced growth and endocrine adaptations in order to maintain basic life processes. In the present study, the biochemical profiles of chronically undernourished children were determined in order to test the hypothesis that chronic undernutrition also causes changes in lipid profile in pre-school children. The study population comprised 80 children aged between 12 and 71 months, including 60 with moderate undernutrition [height-for-age Z (HAZ) scores ≤ −2 and > −3] and 20 with severe undernutrition (HAZ scores ≤ −3). Socioeconomic, demographic and environmental data were obtained by application of a questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements and information relating to sex, age and feeding habits were collected by a trained nutritionist. Blood samples were analysed for haemoglobin, vitamin A, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and serum lipids, while cortisol was assayed in the saliva. Faecal samples were submitted to parasitological investigation. Analysis of variance and χ 2 methods were employed in order to select the variables that participated in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The study population was socioeconomically homogeneous, while the lack of a treated water supply was clearly associated with the degree of malnutrition. Most OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 74140 children were parasitised and anaemia was significantly more prevalent among the severely undernourished. Levels of IGF-1 decreased significantly with increasing severity of undernutrition. Lipid analysis revealed that almost all of the children had dyslipidemia, while low levels of high-density lipoprotein were associated with the degree of undernutrition. It is concluded that chronic malnutrition causes endocrine changes that give rise to alterations in the metabolic profile of pre-school children.

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Magnitude da desnutrição infantil no Estado do Amazonas/AM - Brasil

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Tough fishing and severe seasonal food insecurity in Amazonian flooded forests

Tough fishing and severe seasonal food insecurity in Amazonian flooded forests

Mapping human vulnerability to climate change in the Brazilian Amazon: The construction of a municipal vulnerability index

Dyslipidaemia and Undernutrition in Children from Impoverished Areas of Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil

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