Magnitude Estimation Based on Integrated Amplitude and Frequency Content of the Initial<i>P</i>Wave in Earthquake Early Warning Applied to Tehran, Iran

Nazeri, Sahar; Shomali, Zaher Hossein; Colombelli, Simona; Elia, Luca; Zollo, Aldo

doi:10.1785/0120160380

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As a result, several technical aspects of the proposed schemes such as amplitude saturation and fiber-ground coupling during strong shaking cannot be fully evaluated. However, unlike commonly used empirical EEW approaches 32 – 34 , the proposed scheme is theoretical and relies on a well-established source model 41 that was found to adequately describe the far-field radiation of a large range of earthquakes. Thus, showing that the proposed methods work for the current earthquake dataset is sufficient to demonstrate their validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most operational EEW systems rely on empirical relations for both magnitude estimation and ground motion prediction 32 , 33 . The robustness of these relations largely relies on the quality, quantity, and magnitude range of available earthquake observations 34 . Since DAS is a relatively new seismic measurement technology 9 , current earthquake DAS datasets are insufficient in all aspects to devise robust empirical methods, and a physics-based approach that does not rely on data availability should be developed 24 , 35 , 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnitude estimation and ground motion prediction to harness fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing for earthquake early warning

Lior

Rivet

Ampuero

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems provide seconds to tens of seconds of warning time before potentially-damaging ground motions are felt. For optimal warning times, seismic sensors should be installed as close as possible to expected earthquake sources. However, while the most hazardous earthquakes on Earth occur underwater, most seismological stations are located on-land; precious seconds may go by before these earthquakes are detected. In this work, we harness available optical fiber infrastructure for EEW using the novel approach of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). DAS strain measurements of earthquakes from different regions are converted to ground motions using a real-time slant-stack approach, magnitudes are estimated using a theoretical earthquake source model, and ground shaking intensities are predicted via ground motion prediction equations. The results demonstrate the potential of DAS-based EEW and the significant time-gains that can be achieved compared to the use of standard sensors, in particular for offshore earthquakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude estimation and ground motion prediction to harness fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing for earthquake early warning

Lior

Rivet

Ampuero

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…After exhaustive tests, using observed data, the empirical attenuation relationships proposed by Nowroozi (2010) and Soghrat and Ziyaeifar (2017) were adapted as the optimal model for Tehran region. We also used the empirical attenuation relationship between log(Pd) and earthquake parameters (hypocentral distance and magnitude) obtained by Nazeri et al (2017). Note that the IRSC catalog reports the magnitude in the modified Nuttli scale (M N ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the IRSC catalog reports the magnitude in the modified Nuttli scale (M N ). Hence, we converted M N to M L using the equation proposed by Nazeri et al (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study of earthquake early warning in Tehran, Iran

2021

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In this study, we examine the scientific feasibility of an Earthquake Early Warning System in Tehran, Iran, by the integration of the Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) accelerometric network and the PRobabilistic and Evolutionary early warning SysTem (PRESTo). To evaluate the performance of the TDMMO-PRESTo system in providing the reliable estimations of earthquake parameters and the available lead-times for The Metropolis of Tehran, two different approaches were analyzed in this work. The first approach was assessed by applying the PRESTo algorithms on waveforms from 11 moderate instrumental earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of Tehran during the period 2009–2020. Moreover, we conducted a simulation analysis using synthetic waveforms of 10 large historical earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of Tehran. We demonstrated that the six worst-case earthquake scenarios can be considered for The Metropolis of Tehran, which are mostly related to the historical and instrumental events that occurred in the southern, eastern, and western parts of Tehran. Our results indicate that the TDMMO-PRESTo system could provide reliable and sufficient lead-times of about 1 to 15s and maximum lead-times of about 20s for civil protection purposes in The Metropolis of Tehran.

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“…Previous studies have shown that τ c typically exhibits large scatter in the low-magnitude range 25,26 , and the application of P d to predicting the magnitude of large events is limited by the length of the P-wave time window (PTW) 27 . For the reliable and early assessment of destructive earthquakes, Wu and Kanamori 20 originally proposed the integrated use of τ c and P d to establish a threshold-based EEW system, which was subsequently applied in various areas 26,28 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold-based evolutionary magnitude estimation for an earthquake early warning system in the Sichuan–Yunnan region, China

Wang

Song

2020

Sci Rep

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The Sichuan–Yunnan region is one of the most seismically vulnerable areas in China. Accordingly, an earthquake early warning (EEW) system for the region is essential to reduce future earthquake hazards. This research analyses the utility of two early warning parameters (τc and Pd) for magnitude estimation using 273 events that occurred in the Sichuan–Yunnan region during 2007–2015. We find that τc can more reliably predict high-magnitude events during a short P-wave time window (PTW) but produces greater uncertainty in the low-magnitude range, whereas Pd is highly correlated with the event magnitude depending on the selection of an appropriate PTW. Here, we propose a threshold-based evolutionary magnitude estimation method based on a specific combination of τc and Pd that both offers more robust advance magnitude estimates for large earthquakes and ensures the estimation accuracy for low-magnitude events. The advantages of the proposed approach are validated using data from 2016–2017 and the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in an offline simulation. The proposed concept provides a useful basis for the future implementation of an EEW system in the Sichuan–Yunnan region.

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Magnitude Estimation Based on Integrated Amplitude and Frequency Content of the InitialPWave in Earthquake Early Warning Applied to Tehran, Iran

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Magnitude estimation and ground motion prediction to harness fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing for earthquake early warning

Magnitude estimation and ground motion prediction to harness fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing for earthquake early warning

Feasibility study of earthquake early warning in Tehran, Iran

Threshold-based evolutionary magnitude estimation for an earthquake early warning system in the Sichuan–Yunnan region, China

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